1. Types of Bioreactors / Fermenters

2. Bioreactor / Fermenter A bioreactor is basically a device in which the organisms are cultivated to form the desired products.
It is a containment system designed to give right environment for optimal growth and metabolic activity of the organism.

3. 1.Stirred Tank Bioreactor
2.Airlift Bioreactor
3.Packed Bed Bioreactor
4.Fluidized Bed Bioreactor
5.Photo Bioreactor
6.Membrane Bioreactor
7.Rotary Drum Bioreactor
8.Mist Bioreactor

4. Stirred Tank Bioreactor

5. Advantages of Stirred Tank Bioreactor .
Continuous operation.
Good temperature control.
Easily adapts to two phase runs.
Good control.
Simplicity of construction.
Low operating cost.
Easy to clean.

6. Disadvantages of Stirred Tank Bioreactor
The need for shaft seals and bearings.
Size limitation by motor size, shaft length & weight

7. Airlift Bioreactor

8. Advantages of Airlift Fermenter
Simple design Easier sterilization (no agitator shaft parts).
Low Energy requirement vs stirred tank.
Greater heat-removal vs stirred tank.
Very low cost.

9. Disadvantages of Airlift Fermenter
Greater air throughput and higher pressures needed.
Inefficient break the foam when foaming occurs.
No bubbles breaker

10.  Packed Bed Bioreactor

11. Advantages of Packed Bed Reactor
Higher conversion per unit mass of catalyst than other catalytic reactors.
Continuous operation
No moving parts to wear out.
Low operating cost
Catalyst stays in the reactor
Reaction mixture/catalyst separation is easy.
Effective at high temperatures and pressures

12. Disadvantages of Packed Bed Reactor
Undesired heat gradients.
Poor temperature control.
Difficult to clean.
Difficult to replace catalyst.
Undesirable side reactions.

13. Fluidized Bed Bioreactor

14. Advantages of Fluidized Bed Reactor
Uniform Particle Mixing.
Uniform Temperature Gradients.
Ability to Operate Reactor in Continuous State.

15. Disadvantages of Fluidized Bed Reactor
Increased Reactor Vessel Size
Pumping Requirements and Pressure Drop
Particle Entrainment
Lack of Current Understanding
Erosion of Internal Components
Pressure Loss Scenarios

16. Photo Bioreactor

17. Advantages of Photobioreactor
Higher productivity.
Large surface-to-volume ratio.
Better control of gas transfer.
Reduction in evaporation of growth medium.
More uniform temperature.

18. Disadvantages of Photobioreactor
Capital cost is very high.
The productivity and production cost in some enclosed photobioreactor systems are not much better than those achievable in open-pond cultures.
The technical difficulty in sterilizing.

19. Membrane Bioreactor

20. Advantages of membrane bioreactor
The loss of enzyme is reduced.
Enzyme lost by denaturation can be made
up by periodic addition of enzyme.
Substrate and enzyme can be easily replaced.

21. Rotary Drum Bioreactor

22. Advantages of Rotary Drum Reactor
High oxygen transfer.
Good mixing facilitates better growth and impart less hydrodynamic stress.

23. Disadvantages of Rotary Drum Reactor
Difficult to scale up

24. Mist Bioreactor

25. Advantages of Mist Bioreactor
High oxygen transfer. .
Hydrodynamic stress elimination.
Low production cost.

26. Disadvantages of Mist Bioreactor
Mesh trays and cylindrical stainless steel meshes are required

27. Tower Fermenter

28. Bubble-up Fermenter

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