1. Aircraft Motion and Control

2. Aircraft Motion and Control
Each major part of an aircraft plays a critical part in its
Motion: a change in position
Control: an instrument or part that regulates or guides a machine or vehicle

3. Aircraft Motion and Control

4. Aircraft Motion and Control
Fuselage: the basic structure of an aircraft to which all other parts are attached
It is a long, hollow tube that holds the pieces of the airplane together, and holds passengers and freight/cargo as well

5. Aircraft Motion and Control
Fuselages vary in shape to fit the mission
Aircraft rotates around center of gravity inside the fuselage

6. Aircraft Motion and Control

7. Aircraft Motion and Control
Wings: the major part of the aircraft responsible for generating lift

8. Aircraft Motion and Control
Wing position depends on aircraft’s mission
Main internal parts are spars, ribs and stringers
Fuel tanks usually part of wing

9. Aircraft Motion and Control
Dihedral angles give aircraft roll stability and level flight; the wings are higher that its horizontal
Large commercial airliner wings have dihedral angles
Fighter aircraft have anhedral angles; the wings are lower than its horizontal and have greater roll capability

10. Aircraft Motion and Control

11. Aircraft Motion and Control
Ailerons:
Controls the right and left banking movement of that aircraft
Located on the trailing edges of wings

12. Aircraft Motion and Control
Ailerons:
If the aileron is flipped up on a wing, the lift on the wing is decreased = the wing goes down
If the aileron is deflected down on a wing, the lift on that wing is increased = the wing goes up

13. Aircraft Motion and Control
Flap is hinged device at wing’s trailing edge that produces more lift & some drag
Spoiler is small, flat plate that attaches the tops of wings; it increases drag
Slat is moveable, hinged parts that pivot down to generate more lift force

14. Aircraft Motion and Control

15. Aircraft Motion and Control
Flaps:
Responsible for increasing lift and drag
Used for takeoffs and landings at low speeds

16. Aircraft Motion and Control

17. Aircraft Motion and Control
Stabilizers keep aircraft stable so it can maintain a straight flight path
Vertical stabilizer prevents the nose of plane from roving side to size
Horizontal stabilizer keeps plane from bobbing up and down

18. Aircraft Motion and Control
Empennage:
Tail assembly of the aircraft
Main parts are the elevator and rudder

19. Aircraft Motion and Control
The elevator

20. Aircraft Motion and Control
Elevator:
Responsible for the up and down movement of the aircraft’s nose and tail
Mounted to the tail section of the plane
Horizontal stabilizer helps control the pitch

21. Aircraft Motion and Control
The rudder
Push right rudder pedal and the plane turns right
Push left rudder pedal and the plane turns left

22. Aircraft Motion and Control
Rudder:
Responsible for aircraft’s change of direction to the right and left sides
Vertical stabilizer helps control the yaw

23. Aircraft Motion and Control

24. Aircraft Motion and Control
Engines: responsible for the aircraft’s power; generates thrust

25. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW:
1. Each major part of the aircraft plays a critical part in what operations of the aircraft:
Lift and drag b. Motion and control
c. Drag and motion d. Control and lift
Control and lift
An instrument or part that regulates or guides the aircraft
Motion b. Aerodynamics
Avionics c. Control

26. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW:
3. This wing angle gives aircraft the greatest roll capability; fighter aircraft have this type of wing angle
Dihedral b. Anhedral
4. Controls the up and down movement of the airplane
Aileron
Rudder
Elevator

27. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW:
5. Controls the left and right movements of the aircraft
Ailerons b. Rudder
c. Flaps d. Elevator
Responsible for increasing lift and drag
Ailerons b. Rudder

28. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW:
7. A small flat plate attached to top of wing that increases drag by interrupting the air flow
Spoiler b. Slat
8. A movable hinged part that pivots down to generate more lift
a. Spoiler b. Slat

29. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW:
9. This stabilizer keeps the plane from bobbing up and down:
Vertical stabilizer b. Horizontal stabilizer
10. This stabilizer prevents the nose of the plane from roving from side to side
a. Vertical stabilizer b. Horizontal stabilizer

30. Aircraft Motion and Control
REVIEW ANSWERS:
1. Motion and control 2. Control
3. Anhedral Elevator
5. Rudder Flaps
7. Spoiler Slat
9. Horizontal stabilizer Vertical stabilizer

31. Aircraft Motion and Control
Reviewed some key control parts
What are some of the primary motions these parts control?

32. Aircraft Motion and Control
Rolls/banks left and right
Pitches up and down
Yaws side to side

33. Aircraft Motion and Control
Rolls/banks left and right
Pitches up and down
Yaws side to side

34. Aircraft Motion and Control
Longitudinal/Roll Axis
Runs from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail
Can be thought of as a skewer which rolls/turns either right or left and causes everything attached to it to turn.

35. Aircraft Motion and Control
Motion: rolls/banks right and left
Control: ailerons

36. Aircraft Motion and Control
Aileron and wing motion that makes the roll/bank movement
To make a wing move upward, the aileron on that wing must move downward.
To make a wing move downward, the aileron on that wing must move upward
While the one wing is moving up or down the other wing is moving in the opposite direction due to the deflection of its aileron.

37. Aircraft Motion and Control
Lateral/Pitch Axis
An imaginary rod, running from one wing tip through the fuselage and exiting the other wing tip, forms an airplane’s lateral axis.
Pitches the nose of the aircraft up and down

38. Aircraft Motion and Control
Motion: pitches the nose up and down
Control: elevator

39. Aircraft Motion and Control
NOTE: This slide shows how the aircraft will react when the elevators are moved up and down. 39

40. Aircraft Motion and Control
Elevator and pilot control column/stick controls up and down movement
When the pilot’s control column is pulled backward, the elevator goes up, the nose goes up, the tail goes down
When the pilot’s control column is pushed downward, the elevator goes down, the nose goes down, the tail goes up

41. Aircraft Motion and Control
Vertical/Yaw Axis
An imaginary rod or axis which passes through the meeting point of the longitudinal and lateral axes.
Makes a yaw movement, from side to side

42. Aircraft Motion and Control
Motion: side to side
Control: rudder

43. Aircraft Motion and Control
NOTE: This slide shows how the aircraft will react when the rudder is moved. 43

44. Aircraft Motion and Control
The rudder controls the side to side movement
The rudder moves in the direction of the rudder pedal that is being pressed

45. Aircraft Motion and Control
How aircraft motion is controlled

46. Aircraft Motion and Control
Three axes of rotation
Banks/rolls, pitch, yaw

47. Aircraft Motion and Control
How aircraft motion is controlled
Aileron
Elevator
Rudder

48. Aircraft Motion and Control
Aircraft have primary and secondary control systems
Rudders, elevators, and ailerons are primary control surfaces, they control the primary aircraft movements: rolls, pitch, yaw
Flaps, slats, and spoilers are secondary control systems, they let the pilot maintain more control over aircraft’s performance in regards to lift and drag

49. Aircraft Motion and Control
Review:
1. This axis of rotation allows the plane to go up and down
Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw
2. This axis of rotation allows the plane to move from left to right:
Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw
3. This axis of rotation allows the plane to bank right and left in varying degrees:
a. Roll b. Pitch c. Yaw

50. Aircraft Motion and Control
Review:
4. The pitch axis is controlled by the:
Rudder b. Elevator c. Aileron
The roll axis is controlled by the:
The yaw axis is controlled by the:
a. Rudder b. Elevator c. Aileon

51. Aircraft Motion and Control
Review Answers:
Pitch
Yaw
Roll
Elevator
Aileron
Rudder

52. Aircraft Motion and Control
Parts

53. Aircraft Motion and Control
Primary aircraft parts:
Fuselage
Wings
Dihedral angle
Anhidral angle
Engine
Tail section
Empennage: elevators and rudder
Stabilizers: vertical and horizontal

54. Aircraft Motion and Control

55. Aircraft Motion and Control
The primary aircraft motions are
Side to side movement
Banking movements
Up and down movements
Aircraft motion is controlled by the primary control parts:
Aileron
Elevator
Rudder
Lift and drag are controlled by secondary parts:
Flaps
Slats
Spoilers