1. CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy – to classify and name organisms. It is a science. Why?? To name and group organisms

2. Name this animal Mountain lion? Cougar? Puma? Panther?

3. Answer ALL OF THEM!!!! Depending on what region you live in

4. Scientific Name Felis concolor To avoid confusion caused by regional names, biologists use a classification system to group organisms in a logical manner and to assign names.

5. Scientific Names use Binomial Nomenclature Two word naming system for organisms The first word is the Genus – capitalized The second word is the species – lowercased The scientific name is in italics.

6. Scientific Names Using Binomial Nomenclature Ailuropoda melanoleuca (panda) Ursus arctos or Ursus horribilus (grizzly) Ursus maritimus (polar)

7. Linnaeus He was born in Sweden in 1707 and lived to be 71. He developed binomial nomenclature. He also developed the 7 groups or taxa for naming organisms.

8. Seven Groups for Classifying Kingdom – the largest of the categories Phylum –includes several different classes Class – third largest grouping Order – includes several families Family – third smallest grouping Genus – a group of related species species – a group of similar organisms (population) that can breed and produce fertile offspring

11. Can you figure out the order of classification for humans? Directions: On your classification sheet, write the following human classification names in the appropriate classification level according to what you think: chordata, sapiens, animalia, mammalia, hominidae, homo, primata KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS species

12. Classification of Humans Answer Key Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata (animals with a notochord, dorsal nerve cord and pharyngeal gill slits) subphylum: Vertebrata (possessing a backbone) Class: Mammalia (with hair, mammary glands in females secrete milk) Order: Primata (collar bone, eyes face forward, grasping hands with fingers) Family: Hominidae (great apes, with extinct Neanderthals, etc.) Genus: Homo (humans and related extinct species) species: sapiens (high forehead, well-developed chin, slender bone structure) Therefore the scientific name for human is what? ___________________________

13. How will you remember the 7 groups? K ing (Kingdom) P hillip (phylum) C ame (class) O ver (order) F or (family) G ood (genus) s paghetti (species) (species)

14. How will you remember the 7 groups? On your paper create your own mnemonic to help you remember the 7 levels broad to specific (3 min). K ------------ P ------------ C ------------ O ------------ F ------------ G ------------ s ------------

15. How do we group organisms?  Common anatomical structures  Similarities in DNA or genes

16. Cladistics Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of species based on evolutionary ancestry. Cladistics generates diagrams called cladograms that represent the evolutionary tree of life

17. Derived Characteristics Are characteristics that appear in their current members, but not in its older member Cladograms are also generated using derived characteristics

18. Cladogram A diagram (branching tree) that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

19. Dichotomous Keys A series of paired statements that describe physical characteristics of different organisms This method determines the identity of an unfamiliar organism by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the correct name of the organism. Dichotomous means "divided in two parts".

20. Example of a dichotomous key At each step of the process of using the key, the user is given two choices; each alternative leads to another question until the item is identified.

21. What do you remember??? Answer these questions: The science of naming and classifying organisms is called ____________ Binomial nomenclature includes the taxon groups ________ and ________ of an organism. Which group contains the largest number of organisms: class, order, or phylum?