1. AMERICANS EXPAND MOVING WEST

2. MANIFEST DESTINY After presidencies established national boundaries people start to move west in the 19 th Century Americans were “ordained to expand to the Pacific” Believed that God wanted this People left for different reasons A new life Religious Wealth

3. SANTA FE ARE YOU THERE Santa Fe Trail stretched along Native American trail lines from Missouri to New Mexico (780 miles) Groups would travel in packs for safety A rendezvous then return Poor men, ex-slaves, natives often stayed to make a new life

4. OREGON TRAIL Stretched from Independence, Missouri to Oregon People used covered wagons or handcarts to travel The biggest fear along the trek was disease (cholera) and Indian attacks

5. MORMON TRAIL

6. MORMON TREK Founded in upstate New York in 1827 the Mormons were driven from state to state (Ohio-Missouri-Illinois- Utah) Joseph Smith murdered in Nauvoo Brigham Young leads them to the Great Salt Lake in 1847 and established a number of cities

7. TEXAS By 1821 Mexico had gained independence Mexico encouraged settlement from Mexicans and Americans alike Stephen Austin establishes Austin and 20K Americans come for cheap land More Americans come than Mexicans which causes conflict between cultures

8. TEXAS CONFLICT Religious Differences Slavery Language President of Mexico was weak (Antonio Santa Anna) has Austin imprisoned Austin gets out in 1835 and starts a war to gain Texas independence

9. TEXAS CONFLICT CONT. Americans try to hold off Santa Anna but are crushed at the Alamo in 1836 Infuriated Sam Houston leads a group of 900 to crush Mexican forces in retaliation Treaty of Velasco ends conflict and Texas becomes a republic Do we bring it in the Union?

10. JAMES K POLK 1844 becomes president and urges war with Mexico Sends a negotiator to purchase Texas, NM, Cali but is refused so sends troops in 1846 Rebels fight all over and Mexico gives up in 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gives us modern territory for 15 million dollars

11. TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO

12. THE 49ERS In the end of 1848, after we gained California, gold is discovered at Sutter's Mill in the Sacramento Valley Mass exodus of Americans hurry to California to get rich quick