1. BELL RINGER Write about the following questions. Why do people like to live in cities? Why would early peoples want to live in cities? Why would an increase in population complicate social relationships?

2. Read 10 Min

3. Villages Grow Into Cities Stable communities began to form based on agriculture. Domestication of animals/plants. New technology hoes, sickles, plow sticks. More food = more population LL What do you think the adaptations were for a hunter-gatherer to a settled village life? Think social, physical, emotional To produce more crops elaborate irrigation systems created, thus freeing up peoples time/resources. Enabling them to become craftsmen (pottery, metal objects, woven cloth) thus providing people to become traders as well. Which two inventions helped traders move goods over longer distances? As cities grew, special groups of workers formed (i.e. irrigation workers) as well as social classes. Old stone Age beliefs centered around which belief that all things possessed souls? While in the New Stone Age farming people worshiped the many gods/goddesses who they believed had power over rain, wind and other forces of nature. Rituals and traditions est.

4. How Civilization Develops Many believe first civilization developed in Sumer, Mesopotamia, TPS why here according to pic? Civilization – complex culture with 5 characteristics 1- advanced cities 2- specialized workers 3- complex institutions 4- record keeping 5-advanced technology Cities differ from villages not bc of population but due to their center for trade for a large area, usually providing many goods for trade as well Large cities = specialized workers traders, gov’t officials, priests. Specialization – dev. Of skills in a specific kind of work. Some became Artisans – skilled workers who make goods by hand Mass population requires institutions(long-lasting patter of organization in a comm.) to emerge in society. Can we list 3? LL Government, religion, economy. Religion became formal institution with dozens of priests and great temples, Sumerians believed every city belonged to God who governed the activities of the cities. Temple was the hub for gov’t & religious affairs, economic center for food and trade.

5. First system of writing invented call cuneiform – “wedge shaped” Sumerian writing, consisted of pictographs Sharpened reed with wedged point pressed into moist clay, scribes baked their clay tablets in sun to preserve the writing. Animals used to run soil, oxen 3500 BC first used potters wheel to shape jugs, plates, bowls. Metalworkers discovered that melting together certain amounts of copper and tin made bronze. By 2500 use bronze spearheads by the thousands.

6. Partner Work With your partner read Pages 22-23 in your textbook. Answer the questions on handout From Ancient to Modern Communities and complete the Civilization Case Study on the back as well.

7. Chapter Quiz All resources available