1. Chapter 16.2

2.  1919- The Western governments (Britain, France, United States) look powerful  Ruled Paris Peace Conference  Hopes for democracy among new nations in Eastern Europe  Problems beneath the surface

3.  Jobs for returning veterans  Rebuilding war-ravaged lands.  In reaction to the war:  Economic problems fed social unrest  Radical ideas are more popular.

4.  The Labor Party surpasses the Liberal Party  Labor Party popular among workers  Promoted gradual move toward socialism  As the Liberal Party falters, the middle class begins to back the Conservative Party  With this support, the Conservative Party holds power for much of the 1920s

5.  1914- Parliament attempts to pass a home rule bill- shelved when the war begins  Easter Rising 1916- militant Irish nationalists launch revolt against British rule  Quickly suppressed  1919- Parliament attempts to pass home rule bill again- fails  IRA begins guerilla warfare against Britain  1922-agreement reached between moderates

6.  The US emerges from WWI in good shape  Late entrant into war=relatively few casualties and little loss of property  Domestic Unrest  Fear of the Bolshevik Revolution set off the Red Scare  Police rounded up foreign born radicals and a number were expelled from the US  Sacco and Vanzetti  The Red Scare lead to demands in the limit of immigration

7.  France wanted to secure its borders against Germany  Built Maginot Line along German border  France also strengthened its military alliances with other countries  Strict enforcement of the treaty of Versailles and payment reparations  Goal: Keep German Economy weak - $30 Billion = $2.7 Today  Britain disagrees with this

8.  People worked for peace in the 1920s  1925-Locarno Treaties signed (settled Germany’s disputed borders)  Kellogg Briand Pact (1928)- the great powers pursued disarmament  Almost every independent nation signs

9.  Peace was fragile  The League was powerless to stop aggression  Dictators in Europe noted the League’s weaknesses and pursued aggressive foreign policies

10.  The war hurt and helped some nation’s economies  Britain and France owed a lot of money to the United States  They depended on the reparations from Germany  These Reparations hurt Germany

11.  Britain deeply in debt in the 1920s  Factories were out of date  Unemployment is severe  Wages remain low  1926- general strike occurs which lasts nine days  The French economy recovered rapidly  Reparations and territories from Germany helped out a lot.

12.  The US emerges from the war as the leading economic power  The US is the glue that holds the system together VS US Britain

13.  The wealth in the US was not evenly spread  The demand for raw goods during the war was great.  After demand dwindled, production didn’t  Led to overproduction  Factories began to make less, and cut worker’s jobs

14.  Prices at the NY Stock exchange were at an all time high  People bought stocks through risky means  The Federal Reserve: raised interest rates in 1928 and 1929 to slow the growth  In the autumn of 1929, jitters over the economy caused everyone to sell their stocks all at once  Black Tuesday  Financial panic set in  Stocks crashed  The Great Depression begins (1929)

15. The governments of Britain, France, and the United States try to find ways to lift the depression.  Americans stopped making loans; demanded repayment.  Without support from US, Germany suffered.  France and Britain were not able to pay back loans  US would impose its highest tariff in history.

16.  Britain sets up a coalition government made of leaders from all three political parties  By 1931, 1 in 4 workers is unemployed  By the min-1930s France felt the pinch of the Depression  People back Leon Blum- a socialist leader  Strikes soon brought down Blum’s government because he could not solve all of the labor problems.

17.  US president Herbert Hoover believed the government should not intervene in private business matters  Did try limited number of measures to solve crisis (Hoover Dam, etc.)  Didn’t help to ease the financial crisis

18.  1932- Franklin Delano Roosevelt elected  Said the government needed to take an active role in combating the Depression  Introduced the New Deal  Government became more involved in people’s lives  Passed legislation  social security  TVA

19.  Natural disaster hit many states- created the Dust Bowl  Migrant workers went Westward  Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck  Dorothea Lange

20. Migrant Mother Hard Times and Good Times in America

21.  SPREAD OF TOTALTARIANISM  As the Depression wore on, many people lost faith in the ability of democratic governments to solve the problems of the modern world.