1. Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ Channel Stephen B. Long, Ernest B. Campbell, Roderick MacKinnon Presented by: Nathan Lin March 3, 2011

2. What is a Shaker Kv 1.2? Voltage dependent potassium ion channel 1.2 is the classification of a specific alpha subunit Shaker (Sh) is a gene in Drosophila melanogaster that has a role in potassium ion channels When this gene is mutated, the fly will “shake” it’s legs

3. What is the role of ion channels? Integral membrane proteins Involved in many biological processes – Component of the nervous system – Action potential creation – Initiating intracellular signaling But more specifically…. During an action potential, return the depolarized cell back to it’s resting state

4. Structure of Shaker Kv 1.2 3 main units – Voltage Sensing – T1: stabilizes channel structure – Beta subunit: Forms a complex with T1 that is a tetramer of proteins that are related to oxido- reductases Role not clearly understood

6. What is a Voltage Sensing Domain? VSDs are coupled to pore domains – Coupled via S4-S5 linker Sense stimuli that results in a conformational change and tells the pore domain to open or to close Corresponds to S1-S4

10. Structure continued Pro-X-Pro – Conserved sequence on helix S6 X = Valine (in Kv 1.2) – Glycine (in KvAP) Role: curvature

11. Kv 1.2 = red KcsA = grey KvAP = blue

12. Structure continued Two main ideas: K+ selectivity filter is conserved Inner pore varies in conformation – Diameter of 12 Angstroms suggests.. – Kv 1.2 is in “open” conformation – When closed, prevents Ag+ ions from crossing (atomic radius = 1.15 Angstroms)

13. Structure continued Side Portals sit above the T1 domain Connects pore to the cytoplasm Diameter of 15-20 angstroms Attract cations since rim is mainly negative Leads to the next topic about structure….

14. N-type or “ball and chain” inactivation Classification of gating property – Dependent on Alpha subunit Kv 1.2 = delayed rectifier Kv 1.4 = A-current Work with Kv 1.4 gave rise to how we understand Kv 1.2 N-terminus can enter inner pore and inactivate Kv channel

15. Membrane depolarizes, pore opens and conducts K+ ions, channel inactivates. This is when the N-terminus sequence “snakes” in

16. Glutamate / Aspartate = red = - Arginine / Lysine = blue = +

19. Conclusion Potassium channels have many important roles Beta subunit not well understood All we know now is that it controls inactivation Active site has NADP+ as a cofactor so may have catalytic function Future testing required

20. References Long, B., Stephen, Campbell, B., Ernest, Mackinnon, Roderick. 2005. Crystal Structure of a mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ Channel. Science. 309: 897-902 Strang, C., Cushman, S.J., DeRubeis, D., Peterson, D., Pfaffinger, P.J. 2001. A central role for the T1 domain in voltage-gated potassium channel formation and function. J Biol Chem. 276: 28493-28502