1. Pasture development in Kenya’s dryland: An alternative livelihood among agro- pastoralists in Baringo County Sol Moure

2.  More extreme dryland conditions  Insecure traditional livelihoods  Coping mechanisms: diversification of livelihood sources  Pasture development Context

4. Pasture development  Rehabilitation of Arid Environments Trust (RAE)  Community fields (CF) & Private fields (PF)  Cost-sharing basis  Communal land  Land reclamation process: Fencing, assessment, ploughing, seeding and monitoring.

5. Objective To analyze the climatic and human context, incentives and challenges that explain the local up-take of Private Grass Fields in the semi-arid area of Baringo, Kenya, as an alternative livelihood source. Research Question Why are agro-pastoralist individuals in the Baringo basin taking on pasture development as a livelihood alternative?

6. Field research in Baringo, Kenya (May-July 2015)  Quantitative data: -RAE’s Private Fields Monitor Reports (PFMR) from 2007 to 2010 and 2012-2013. - Data base: 38 PF owners that were monitored 93 times - Info collated, coded and transformed into Excel- sheets.  Qualitative data: - 12 semi-structured interviews to PF owners & 1 interview to RAE directors. - Analysed using thematic clusters Methodology

8. Pasture development up- take  +30 years  +800 Private fields  + 2,000 hectares rehabilitated with pasture and drought- resistant trees  10 tonnes of indigenous dryland perennial grass seed distributed and seeded annually Results & Discussion Uses, benefits and incentives Main reason to plan grass: Benefits, livestock survival, economic independence, environmental improvement Most beneficial activities: Livestock-fattening, grass seed harvesting, dry-season grazing, milk-selling Average profit per person per year: $120,917 KSh ($349,512 KSh for men and $34,045 KSh for women)

9. Results & Discussion

10. Challenges, pressures and livelihood viability  Fences  PF management  Extreme climatic events & drought conditions  Conflict  Market unreliability Results & Discussion

11.  Substantial community up-take of pasture development in Baringo  Biggest incentive are the “benefits”  Sustainable alternative livelihood source if managed correctly  Positive and negative spillovers to consider  Up-scaling an replicability Conclusions

12. Thank you!