1. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 1 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Design Considerations for Terrestrial Ultra-High-Bitrate Long-Haul Transmission Systems Ismail Emre Araci, Franko Kueppers College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

2. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 2 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Outline  Motivation  Background  System Set-Up  Results  Raman Amplification  Conclusion  Future directions

3. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 3 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Motivation  Growing (R&D) interest in higher rates (100/160 Gbps) OTDM:  Increasing demand (new services) and source speeds  Share the costs  Pay as you grow OC-48/ OC-192 OC-48/ OC-192 70-90km Tx Uni-directional transmission

4. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 4 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Parameter Space  Modulation format  Modulation: NRZ, RZ, CSRZ, RZ-DPSK, CSRZ-DPSK  Duty cycle dependence of RZ modulation formats  Fiber type  Fiber type: G.652 (SMF) and G.655 (NZDSF) Attenuation Dispersion Nonlinearity  Dispersion Map  Post compensation or Alternating compensation  Dispersion managed soliton  Amplification scheme  Lumped, Distributed or Hybrid

5. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 5 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Background  NRZ:Compact spectrum (  2B), simple Tx and Rx RZ:Higher nonlinearity tolerance, but broader spectrum  Other RZ-based modulation formats with improved spectral efficiency and high nonlinearity tolerance  CSRZ (  3B)  CSRZ-DPSK (  3B)  RZ-DPSK (  4B) Winzer et al., PTL, Vol.15, No.6 Hoshida et al., JLT, Vol.20, No.12

6. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 6 of 11 / 28FEB2007 System Set-Up  Fiber Types DispersionSlope [ps/nm/km][ps/nm 2 /km]  SMF160.056  NZDSF HD 80.058  NZDSF LD 40.048  Modulation Formats  NRZ  RZ  CSRZ  DPSK-CSRZ ×

7. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 7 of 11 / 28FEB2007 System Set-Up  Full dispersion and slope compensation  Input powers of transmission fiber and DCF is varied  Receiver side: optical demux filter and electrical filter used  Q factor is used to describing transmission performance (target value Q = 6) a) Post Compensationb) Alternating Compensation Raman Pump

8. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 8 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Results Post Compensation: # of Spans with Q>6

9. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 9 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Raman amplified systems Span Power Profile for EDFA–Based Systems (1),System Using Hybrid Schemes with Backward Raman Amplification Only (2), and Bidirectional Raman Amplification (3) X. Zhenbo et. al., PTL, Vol.16, No.1 Transmission Fiber Input Power [dBm] DCF Input Power [dBm]

10. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 10 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Conclusion  Different fiber types, modulation formats, dispersion compensation and amplification schemes tested.  3 dB receiver sensitivity advantage makes CSRZ-DPSK favorable  SMF found to be more advantageous for NRZ, RZ and CSRZ  NZDSF HD found to be optimum for CSRZ-DPSK  880 km  Our “alternating dispersion compensation scheme” extends reach by 50% for the most widely used fiber type (standard monomode fiber, SMF)  Current studies of (distributed) Raman amplification indicate another performance improvement of more than 50%

11. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 11 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Future Directions  Development of robust, tolerant, flexible, and efficient systems design  Accommodating different modulation formats, line rates, amplifier spacing  Tolerant to nonlinearities, residual dispersion, and polarization mode dispersion  Achieving longer span lengths (> 100 km) and longer total system reach (> 5,000 km)  Allowing for higher insertion loss in order to integrate photonic switching, routing, and processing capabilities

12. Photonic Telecommunication Systems College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Ismail Emre Araci earaci@optics.arizona.edu Industrial Affiliates Workshop Slide 12 of 11 / 28FEB2007 Design Considerations for Terrestrial Ultra-High-Bitrate Long-Haul Transmission Systems Ismail Emre Araci, Franko Kueppers College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA Thanks for Your Attention!