1. Bantu Migrations and the Empires of Africa The Earth and Its Peoples p. 198-204 p. 353-367

2. Pre-Historic Africa

3. East African and Sub-Saharan Kingdoms

5. Bantu Migrations: 1000 BCE To 500 CE

6. Kingdom of Axum [300-700]

7. Stele, Ezana’s Royal Tomb, Aksum (4c)

8. Christian Church, Lalibela [Ethiopia]

9. Coptic Christian Priest

10. AXUM’S ACHIEVEMENTS Controlled NE African Trade Written Language Spread Christianity in No. & E. Africa Terrace Farming Built Stelae

13. Swahili-Speaking Areas of E. Africa SWAHILI [“the coast’] = Bantu + some Arabic

14. African Trade Routes

15. Great Zimbabwe Street

16. Great Zimbabwe [1200-1450] “Zimbabwe” = “stone enclosure”

17. Manamotopa Empire [1450-1630]

19. Berbers GOLD SALT Gold-Salt Trade

20. Gold “Money”, Ghana/Ivory Coast Ghana Empire [4c-11c]

21. Salt

22. Mali Empire [13c-15c] GOLD SALT

23. Islamic Invasions

24. Timbuktu-”Heavenly Clay”

25. Modern day marketplace near the Niger River

26. Great Mosque at Djenne, Mali

27. Sundiata [1210-1260] “Lion Prince”

28. Mansa Musa [r. 1312-1337]

29. European Map

30. Songhai Empire [15c-16c] GOLD SALT

31. Sunni Ali [r.1464-1492]

32. Askia Mohammed [r.1493-1529]

33. Askia Mohammed’s Tomb [1443-1538] Gao, Mali

34. Benin Empire [15c-19c]

35. Bronze Heads from Benin (16c)

36. Benin Bronze Leopard

38. Overland & Sea Trade Routes by 16c

39. African Trade [15c-17c]