1. Spanish Foreign Policy and Cuba: Sailing between two waters Engaging Cuba: Policy Options for the United States, Europe, and the Western Hemisphere November 16, 2009 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

2. Between two continents EULAC Summits EULAC Summits Iberoamerican Community Iberoamerican Community

3. Inter-mestic Affair External policy External policy Internal Affair Internal Affair

4. Between two policy oriented action s constructive engagement constructive engagement coercive policy coercive policy

5. Between pragmatism and voluntarism Political voluntarism Political voluntarism Economic pragmatism Economic pragmatism

6. Between public and private Fluctuant official contacts Fluctuant official contacts Stronger non official links Stronger non official links

7. stability and instability factors

8. stability factors Economic mutual interest Economic mutual interest Wide net of institutional relations at different levels Wide net of institutional relations at different levels Personal relations Personal relations

9. Instability factors Political polarization Political polarization Unilateral conditionality Unilateral conditionality High arbitrariness in the policy behavior High arbitrariness in the policy behavior

10. Weak points on the relationship Constraints of Cuban economy Constraints of Cuban economy Low impact of cooperation policy Low impact of cooperation policy Lack of security on the rule of law Lack of security on the rule of law High bureaucracy burden High bureaucracy burden Lack of freedom rights and individual autonomy Lack of freedom rights and individual autonomy

11. Stronger points Stability in trade exchange and investisement flows Stability in trade exchange and investisement flows Cultural and scientific cooperation Cultural and scientific cooperation Increasing number of actors involved and social links Increasing number of actors involved and social links Instruments to institutionalize the relationship Instruments to institutionalize the relationship Tourism and other sectors Tourism and other sectors

12. Spain and EU P olicy Spain is a strong relevant actor in EU Cuba relationship Spain is a strong relevant actor in EU Cuba relationship Inconsistencies of Spanish policy and other affects EU policy Inconsistencies of Spanish policy and other affects EU policy Different positions of the principal European ins titutions Different positions of the principal European ins titutions Unanimity rule on external relations decision making play against soft policies Unanimity rule on external relations decision making play against soft policies I nconsistency of EU policy contribute to increase the relevance of other ac I nconsistency of EU policy contribute to increase the relevance of other ac

13. To improve coherence and effectiveness Building internal EU consensus to work in medium term Building internal EU consensus to work in medium term Institutionalization of the relationship and reduce arbitrariness Institutionalization of the relationship and reduce arbitrariness Multilateral Human Rights monitoring Multilateral Human Rights monitoring Support to economic reforms Support to economic reforms Building social capital Building social capital Identify key actors for the transition process and facilitate dialogue for reconciliation Identify key actors for the transition process and facilitate dialogue for reconciliation

14. Finish with the Cuban exceptionality Thank you