1. In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 1 U. S
In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 1 U.S. Legal System: Core Legal Principles
LESSON ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
What basic values shape the American Legal system?
ESSENTIAL Lesson VOCABULARY:
Independent judiciary
Habeas corpus
Due process
Exclusionary rule
Double jeopardy
Presumption of innocence
Trial by jury
Precedent & respect for it
Penal code
Criminal law
Constitutional law
Civil law
Administrative law
Warm Up (In google doc):
What is the difference between a good law and a bad law? Give Examples.

2. Final Grades & Contracts
3rd Quarter ends Friday.
Grade book CLOSES WEDNESDAY for any late work from Units 1 or 2.
All work for Unit 3 (we start today) goes on the 4th quarter.
Shout Outs:
PERFECT ATTENDANCE: Jeaven, Keem,
2 or fewer absences: Daniel, Shammod, Josh Smith
CURRENT GRADE BREAKDOWN
A/B students are currently:
Reggie, Juan, Jeaven, Jess, Kelsha, Christian, Brandon
Several others have a shot at a B
THE Only Fs belong to students with 4+ absences. BE HERE!!!!

3. Keys to Success: SWARM Strive for Excellence Work Collaboratively
Arrive on Time
Ready to Learn
Maximize Opportunities
Many of you will receive contracts. I expect study guide completion and tutoring attendance from everyone below a 78.
WE CAN DO THIS

4. In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 1 U. S
In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 3 - Lesson 1 U.S. Legal System: Core Legal Principles
Lesson 1 Performance Task:
Research a key principle in American law & create a skit / cartoon that demonstrates it.
Class Website:
DEADLINES & HOMEWORK:
Unit 2 make ups & Test Corrections: By _WED 3/25
Performance Task Deadlines:
Vocab Quizzes
Lessons 1-3: Wednesday
Lessons 4-5: Thursday
Unit 3 Quiz / Test:
Friday, March 20th

5. Who has to know the laws?

6. Everybody
Not knowing a law is not an excuse for breaking it

7. Name some laws that are good

8. Name some laws that you don’t think make sense

9. Crazy Laws South Carolina: North Carolina:
It is unlawful for a minor under the age of eighteen to play a pinball machine
North Carolina:
It is illegal to hold more than two sessions of bingo per week, and those sessions may not exceed 5 hours each session
In Baltimore, It is illegal to take a lion to the movies
Oklahoma: It Is Illegal To Have A sleeping Donkey In Your Bathtub After 7pm

10. Discussion
Why do we have laws?

11. Discussion
Why do you follow the law?

12. Discussion
Are there laws are you willing to break? Why?

13. ROOTS OF AMERICAN LAW

14. Values Laws must reflect the values of the people in the society
If they don’t, they won’t be followed

15. Influences on U.S. Laws Code of Hammurabi Roman Law The Torah / Bible
Harsh punishment
Protected the wealthy
Roman Law
The Torah / Bible
10 commandments
English Common Law
Magna Carta
Right to Habeas corpus

16. Important Legal Principles
Rule of law
Independent judiciary
Presumption of Innocence
Due Process

17. Rule of Law We are a “nation of laws”
In our nation, we are ruled by the law
We are not ruled by rulers
Government makes laws, but laws have to be in line with the Constitution

18. Rule of Law
PRECEDENTS – court rulings that clarify the law and guide future court rulings
EXAMPLES:
Marbury v. Madison set a PRECEDENT that the supreme court has the power of judicial review
Brown v. Board set a PRECEDENT for school integration
Tinker v. Des Moines set a PRECEDENT that students have a right to express their political views at school, as long as they don’t disrupt class

19. An Independent Judiciary
Judges serve until death or retirement
If they had to get elected, they would pander to voters and might not always apply the law fairly
If they had to get re-appointed, Presidents would just replace judges they disagree with

20. Presumption of Innocence
If the government wants to put you in prison, it must prove you committed a crime
It should not be easy to take away a person’s freedom

21. BURDEN OF PROOF
Government must present evidence that proves to the jury that the accused is:
guilty “beyond a reasonable doubt”
Based on the evidence, any reasonable person would conclude that the accused did what they are accused of doing

22. “beyond a reasonable doubt”
Jury must reach a unanimous decision – every juror agrees
Jurors must be convinced that the defendant committed the crime
If juror has a REAL doubt that the person did what they are accused of, they must vote to acquit
Doubt must be reasonable, not imagined

23. Group Research & Presentations
TOPICS/Groups
Double Jeopardy
Group 5
Presumption of innocence / burden of proof
Groups 1 & 4
Habeas corpus
Group 7
Trial by impartial jury
Groups 8 & 9
Exclusionary rule
Group 10
Independent judiciary
Group 6
Precedent
Groups 2 &3
TASK (Due today!):
Research a key American legal principal
15 minutes MAXIMUM for research & planning
Develop a short presentation that explains it to the class
May be a skit, a song, or a political cartoon that you explain
Present to the class (3 minutes or less!)
See Rubric on Performance Task Handout

25. Civil, Administrative, & Constitutional Law

26. What kind of laws are there?
Civil
Administrative
Criminal
Constitutional

27. Administrative Law
Laws that govern how businesses and industries must operate
Minimum wage
Health codes
DMV regulations

28. Civil Disputes between two private parties
When someone sues someone else

29. Civil Law Example
Torts – law suits brought against a person who caused you an injury or other damage
Medical or legal malpractice
If the city sewer is not covered and you fall in and break a leg
If the YMCA lets you swim during a lighting storm and you get electrocuted

30. Constitutional Law Involve interpretation of the constitution
suits can be brought if your constitutional rights are violated

31. Constitution requires Due Process
The government must use proper legal procedures before taking away a persons freedom or property
Must have evidence of a crime before getting a warrant
Must ensure that constitutional rights are provided to those accused of crimes
4th, 5th, 6th, 8th amendments
Everyone has a right to use the legal system
7th amendment

32. Warrants & Probable Cause
When police are ready to make an arrest, they get a judge to sign a warrant.
Police must have a warrant to arrest a person
UNLESS they have PROBABLE CAUSE
Clear visual evidence that you did the crime
Example: the cop saw johnny breaking into a car
The cop saw Ricky trying to hide a laptop under his coat and walk out of the store

33. Due Process: Exclusionary Rule
Government cannot use evidence if the evidence was obtained illegally
illegal searches make evidence “inadmissable”
That means it cannot be used in court

34. Due Process: Miranda Rights
Miranda v. Arizona
Supreme Court case
Police have to inform people they arrest of their rights to:
Remain silent (5th amendment)
Have an attorney (6th amendment)
Have an attorney you don’t have to pay for (6th amendment)

35. Criminal Law Laws to protect people and their property
Prosecuted by the State or Federal government
Violations can result in prison or fines

36. What is a Crime?
An act that breaks a federal or state criminal law and causes harm to people or society in general
Penal Code ~ Spells out the punishments that go with each of the crimes
Textbook p. 368

37. Types of Felonies Crimes against People
Violent or potentially violent crimes such as Murder, Manslaughter, Assault, Rape, and Kidnapping
Crimes against Property
Burglary, Robbery, Theft, Vandalism, and Fraud
Textbook p. 370

38. Punishment for Felonies?
Usually Prison
Sometimes a fine

39. Misdemeanors Less serious than felonies Still a criminal violation
EXAMPLEs
Minor theft
Disorderly conduct
Public intoxication
Some traffic offenses

40. Punishment for misdemeanors?
Usually a fine
Often community service

41. Why do they say the court system is “adversarial?”

42. Application! With a partner:
Read each scenario and complete each prompt.

45. “Judicial Department in a Flash”
Read and annotate the handout
ON YOUR OWN:
Do page 1 of the worksheet when done.
Then continue to work on your study guide; you may work with a partner on this if you like

46. Quick Lecture – Federal Judiciary

47. Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction Appellate Jurisdiction
First court to hear a case
Appellate Jurisdiction
Court reviews the decision of a lower court

48. Original v. Apellate Jurisdiction
District Courts
ORIGINAL Jurisdiction
First Federal court to hear a case (it might have already been to a state level court)
Trier of facts – all evidence is considered in district courts
Appeals Courts
Appellate jurisdiction
Only reviews cases already decided at district level
Constitutional issues:
Were the rights of the accused violated by police or the district court?
Was the trial fair at the district level?
Did the District court properly apply legal precedent?

49. State v. Federal Jurisdiction
Most crimes
Most civil cases
Constitutional issues
Federal law
Disputes between states
Dispute between citizens from different states
Dispute about Federal treaties
If the Federal government sues you

50. The State Courts
Most cases are handled by State Courts and never reach the Federal Judiciary

51. The Federal Courts 3 Types of Federal Courts Supreme Court
Federal courts of Appeals
Federal District Court
See reading for details

52. United States District Courts
Trials in federal district court are usually heard by a judge.
Jury trials can also happen in district court
Federal Court Jurisdiction:
Bank robbery
Counterfeiting
Mail fraud
Kidnapping
Civil rights abuses

53. Circuit Courts of Appeals
The side that loses a case in district court may appeal to the federal court of appeals

54. Circuit Courts of Appeals
three appeals court judges sit as a panel to hear cases.
2 of the 3 judges must agree
No juries in the court of appeals

55. Courts of Appeals 3 possible outcomes in the Court of Appeals
Uphold the District Court ruling
District court was correct.
Reverse the District Court ruling
District court was wrong about some or all of its ruling
Remand to the District Court
“re” sends it to the District court with instructions to do it over.

56. The U.S. Supreme Court Appellate Jurisdiction Original Jurisdiction
Cases already argued in the Federal appeals court
Some cases appealed directly from district court
Cases appealed from Supreme Court of a state if that cse involves Federal law or the constitution
Original Jurisdiction
Cases involving foreign diplomats
Cases involving conflicts between two states

57. Crossword & Bingo
Complete the Crossword Puzzle
Create your bingo grid

59. The U.S. Judicial Branch
Article III of the Constitution creates the Supreme Court
Main job of courts is to decide what our laws mean
Court’s main job is to protect the Constitution and make sure that our government never violates the constitution

60. Marbury v. Madison (1803) Judicial Review established
The Court gets to decide whether the actions of the legislature or executive are constitutional

61. MARBURY V. MADISON = JUDICIAL REVIEW

62. Whole Class Activity How does the Supreme Court Decide Cases?
Watch the intro clip as a whole class
Follow edmodo link to load the game on your laptop.
Select “no thanks” then continue
Play the game; when done, send results to
Complete the handout.

63. End of Class Quiz: Match the case to the amendment / legal issue
Marbury v. Madison
Tinker v. Des Moines
Brown v. Board
Gideon v. Wainwright
New Jersey v. T.L.O.
14th Amendment / equal protection
1st amendment - free speech
6th amendment right to an attorney
4th amendment protection against unreasonable searches
Judicial Review

64. Day 21 Quiz - continued