1. Presented By: Shilpa Vaishnav Sandip Basak Aboli Shengde Ephraim R
Md. Jowhar Ali

2. TENSES Present tense: Past tense:
A Tense is a form that shows the time of an action. In other words we can say, a Tense is a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and sometimes the continuation, of an “action” or “state” in relation to the time of speaking. It is originated from the Latin word “tempus” that means “Time”.
There are three main tenses:
Present tense:
Events that are happening when the words are spoken or written.
Past tense:
Events that happened already, before the words were spoken or written.
Future tense:
Events that will or might happen after the words are spoken or written, in the future.

3. What is Present Tense..??
The Present Tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time.
For Example: My train leaves tomorrow morning, the verb form leaves is said to be in the present tense, even though in this particular
context it refers
to an event in
future time.

4. TYPES OF PRESENT TENSE…..
There are 4 types of
Present Tense:
Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

5. EXAMPLES…….
1) I am learning Spanish. Present Continuous 2) You have walked across the Amazon jungle. Present Perfect 3) It has meant that I can finance my next expedition. 4) My friend is waiting for me. 5) My mother and father always watch my documentaries. Present Simple 6) I have been sleeping since morning. Perfect Continuous 7) I have always loved travelling. 8) I don’t like going with groups. Simple Present

7. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present or present simple is one of the verb forms associated with the present tense in modern English. It is commonly referred to as a tense, although it also encodes certain information about aspect in addition to present time.

8. THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE (Interrogative)
DOES HE WORK AS A DOCTOR?
YES, HE DOES.

9. EXAMPLE

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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
The present perfect is a grammatical combination of the present tense and the perfect aspect, used to express a past event that has present consequences.
The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements: the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb.
The Present Perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past.
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13. WHEN..
We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'.
An action when the time is not important.

14. USES
1.   We often use the present perfect to give news: to tell new things that have happened. Example: A plane has crushed at Nebraska Airport.
2.We normally use present perfect if we think of the past and present together. EXAMPLE: I've written to John, so he knows what's happening now.
3. we don't normally use the present perfect with words of a finished time. Example:
We've found oil in the garden. BUT NOT We've found oil in the garden yesterday.

15. Subject + have / has + past participle.
HOW..
Subject + have / has + past participle. I
You We
They
have
eaten
an apple. He
She It
John
has
eaten
an apple.

16. Negative interrogative
Affirmative
Subject
to have
past participle
She
has
visited.
Negative
to have + not
has not (hasn't)
Interrogative
subject
Has
she
visited?
Negative interrogative
to have + not
Hasn't

17. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
The Present Continuous is mainly used to express the idea that something is happening at the moment of speaking. The Present Continuous also describes activities generally in progress (not at the moment). Another use of the tense is to talk about temporary actions or future plans.

18. How to form the Present Continuous Tense?   
The Present Continuous is made with the present form of the verb "to be" (I am, you are, he/she/it is, we are, you are, they are) + the '-ing' form of the main verb. The '-ing' form of the verb is called the Present Participle.

19. Make –ing forms of each verb given:
begin 
rub 
listen 
lie 
swim 
study 
happen 
beginning
rubbing
listening
lying
swimming
studying
happening

20. getting using admitting trying deciding coming putting get  use 
decide 
come 
put 
getting
using
admitting
trying
deciding
coming
putting

21. FUNCTIONS
As with all tenses in English, the speaker's attitude is as important as the time of the action or event. When someone uses the present continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED:
To describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar.
To describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend: Are you still working for the same company? More and more people are becoming vegetarian.
To describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared: We're going on holiday tomorrow. I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight. Are they visiting you next winter?
To describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight. The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.
with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series of repeated actions: Harry and Sally are always arguing! You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!

22. Using the Present Continuous Tense  We most often use the Present Continuous when we talk about something which is happening at the time of speaking (now, at the moment): Examples:  
The baby is sleeping in the bedroom.
2. The telephone is ringing!

23. Present Continuous is also used when we talk about something which is happening at present, but not necessarily at the moment of speaking: Examples:  
Tom is looking for a new job.
2. We are studying English and Spanish.

24. We can use the Present Continuous when we talk about temporary actions taking place only for a period of time (today, this week, this semester, this year):
Examples: 
1. My husband is working hard today. 2. They are spending this week in Paris. 3. She is teaching English this semester. 4. We are staying at the Bristol Hotel tonight. 5. I'm living with my parents at the moment but soon I'll buy my own house. 

25. Present Continuous is also used to express current trends: Examples:
Fuel prices are rising constantly because of strong demand.
2. On-line shopping is growing rapidly nowadays. 

26. We can use the Present Continuous when we talk about repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker (always, constantly): Examples:  
1. They are always complaining .
2. My son is always getting into
trouble in school.

27. I'm leaving for USA tomorrow morning. 2. We are having lunch at
 Sometimes we use the Present Continuous to describe a planned action in the near future: Examples:  
I'm leaving for USA
tomorrow morning.
2. We are having lunch at
12.30 o'clock.

28. Q: Is he playing football at the moment?
Ans: No, he isn’t. He is running.

29. Am I playing? Are you we they Is he she it I am not ‘m not playing You
INTERROGATIVE:
NEGATIVE: Am I
playing?
Are
you we
they Is he
she it I
am not
‘m not
playing
You We
They
are not
aren’t He
She It
is not
isn’t

30. Present Perfect Continuous
The present continuous describes what a person is doing.
The present perfect continuous tells how long a person has been doing that action.
Ex. Katie is delivering mail.
She has been delivering mail for two hours.
she has been working for the post office since 1997.

31. Present Perfect Continuous
The present perfect continuous talks about an action that started in the past and continues in the present. The action is not yet complete. It tells how long the action has been in progress.

32. Present Perfect Continuous
You We
They
have
been
working
since 8:00.
for two hours. He
She It
has

33. Since & For You can use the present perfect continuous for
actions that are repeated over a period of time:
Debbie is a very good tennis player. She’s been playing since she was eight.
Every morning they meet in the same café. They’ve been going there for years.

34. For and Since For shows an amount of time. for three hours
for ten days
Since tells when an action started
since 2:00
since he came to the United States

35. For and Since For Since For shows an amount of time:
Since tells when an action started:
for a few minutes
since 2:00
for three weeks
since 1998
for two years
since Sunday
since she began her new job

36. I am doing vs. I have been doing∣
I am doing
present continuous ↓
now
I have been doing
present perfect continuous
Don’t bother me now. I’m working.
I’ve been working hard, so now
I’m going to take a break.
We need an umbrella. It’s raining.
The ground is wet. It’s been
raining.
Hurry up! We’re waiting.
We’ve been waiting for an hour.