1. Environment and Health Impact Assessment of Pesticides Use for Public Policy Decision Support at Local Level Jittima Rodsawa d Department of Health, Thailand

2. Background and objectivesBackground and objectives MethodologyMethodology ResultsResults Conclusion and recommendationsConclusion and recommendations Content Conceptual frameworkConceptual framework

3. Backgr ound

4. Increase trend of importing pesticidesIncrease trend of importing pesticides Unsafe uses of the pesticidesUnsafe uses of the pesticides Inadequate knowledge and understanding of toxicity and dangers of pesticidesInadequate knowledge and understanding of toxicity and dangers of pesticides More severe impact from pesticides applicationMore severe impact from pesticides application

5. Ineffective control measuresIneffective control measures Inadequate control of advertisement of pesticidesInadequate control of advertisement of pesticides - monit oring - law enforceme nt - man power Lack of reliable information system for decision making, especially in term of usages and impacts of agricultural at local levelLack of reliable information system for decision making, especially in term of usages and impacts of agricultural at local level

6. Objecti ve

7. EHIA model development to support decision making at local level

8. Conceptual framework Conceptual framework

9. EHIA is used to support a decision making process and for learning process at local areaEHIA is used to support a decision making process and for learning process at local area EHIA is consisted of several toolsEHIA is consisted of several tools EHIA provides knowledge, understanding and concerns among stakeholdersEHIA provides knowledge, understanding and concerns among stakeholders

10. Tung Tong Sub-District

11. Methodol ogy

12. 1. Identifying and collecting information for key health, environment and economic-related problems and situation in the area

13. Local farmers Local farmers Community leaders Community leaders Members of Sub- district Administrative Organization Members of Sub- district Administrative Organization Volunteer health workers Volunteer health workers Public health officers Public health officers Agricultural officers Agricultural officers 2. Involving stakeholders :

14. Biodiversity Analysis Understanding of biodiversities Understanding of biodiversities Survey of biodiversities in the community Survey of biodiversities in the community

15. Biodiversity Analysis Activitie s Prioritization of species to be nearly extinct Prioritization of species to be nearly extinct Specifying causes of destruction or threatened situation to biodiversities Specifying causes of destruction or threatened situation to biodiversities

16. Biodiversity Analysis Activitie s Analysis of species details to be conserved in the community Analysis of species details to be conserved in the community

17. Health Impact Analysis Activitie s Understanding of pesticides situation Understanding of pesticides situation

18. Health Impact Analysis Activiti es Analysis of the amount of pesticide used per year Analysis of the amount of pesticide used per year

19. Health Impact Analysis Analysis of health effects Analysis of health effects

20. Health Impact Analysis Analysis of health effects : Body Mapping Analysis of health effects : Body Mapping

21. Health Impact Analysis Classification of types and hazard of pesticides Classification of types and hazard of pesticides

22. Health Impact Analysis Keeping and eradication of pesticide containers and health risk Keeping and eradication of pesticide containers and health risk

23. The Assessment Learning Process 3. Healthy Agricultural Field trips for knowledge sharing on best practise model in decreasing pesticides application

24. 4. Participatory community planning process The Assessment Learning Process

25. Res ults

26. · · Pesticides are the main factor implicated in the deterioration of certain local food resources and biodiversity. Pesticides are the main factor implicated in the deterioration of certain local food resources and biodiversity. Although Endosulfan has been banned in Thailand for three years, local farmers can easily buy it. Although Endosulfan has been banned in Thailand for three years, local farmers can easily buy it. Average pesticide and chemical fertilizers costs are around one- third of total production costs in rice production and one-fifth in sugarcane production. Average pesticide and chemical fertilizers costs are around one- third of total production costs in rice production and one-fifth in sugarcane production. 61.2% of farmers mix more than one pesticide into each spraying, leading to higher risks of exposure and toxicity. 61.2% of farmers mix more than one pesticide into each spraying, leading to higher risks of exposure and toxicity.

27. · · 67.1% of farmers used pesticides (spraying) by themselves. 62.3% of them used pesticides as much as 5000 litres annually 67.1% of farmers used pesticides (spraying) by themselves. 62.3% of them used pesticides as much as 5000 litres annually 69.1% of farmers never use eyeglasses or masks to protect their eyes. 69.1% of farmers never use eyeglasses or masks to protect their eyes. 73.1% of farmers keep their pesticides in the places that children can easily reach 73.1% of farmers keep their pesticides in the places that children can easily reach 43.0% of farmers have experienced "intermediate" health effects from pesticide spraying (e.g., blurred vision, spasmodic eyelids, choking feeling in the chest, squeamishness and vomit) 43.0% of farmers have experienced "intermediate" health effects from pesticide spraying (e.g., blurred vision, spasmodic eyelids, choking feeling in the chest, squeamishness and vomit)

28. New Targets for the Thoung-Thong Sub-district Development Plan 2006: reduce pesticide uses by 30%. 2006: reduce pesticide uses by 30%. 2009: 30% of rice and other farm products will be pesticide-free products. 2009: 30% of rice and other farm products will be pesticide-free products. 2015: all Thoung-Thong Sub- district will be pesticide-free area. 2015: all Thoung-Thong Sub- district will be pesticide-free area. Increase organic fertilizer use to more than 2 tons/village to improve soil fertility and increase crop rotation in paddy fields by 30%. Increase organic fertilizer use to more than 2 tons/village to improve soil fertility and increase crop rotation in paddy fields by 30%.

29. New Targets for the Thoung- Thong Sub-district Development Plan Organize women farmer groups for healthy agriculture and income generating activities. Organize women farmer groups for healthy agriculture and income generating activities. Save farmer households 5- 10% annually in farm costs, through healthy agriculture alternatives. Save farmer households 5- 10% annually in farm costs, through healthy agriculture alternatives.

30. · · Approved a new budget supporting local farmers in experimenting with biological control methods to replace pesticides use Approved a new budget supporting local farmers in experimenting with biological control methods to replace pesticides use Set up local groups organized around pesticide-free agriculture Set up local groups organized around pesticide-free agriculture introduced the IPM-farmer field school approach introduced the IPM-farmer field school approach introduced a local course in primary care for pesticide-affected cases introduced a local course in primary care for pesticide-affected cases Local farmers implemented less- pesticide practices in their own farms Local farmers implemented less- pesticide practices in their own farms

31. Conclusion and recommendations

32. · · The assessment process framed around the values of “ Healthy living together ” provides the opportunity for all policy actors to exchange perspective and knowledge needs and to draw upon all relevant experiences in understanding of the multi-factorial health and environmental impacts caused by pesticides The assessment process framed around the values of “ Healthy living together ” provides the opportunity for all policy actors to exchange perspective and knowledge needs and to draw upon all relevant experiences in understanding of the multi-factorial health and environmental impacts caused by pesticides It would support integration of health, environment, economic and social aspects into participatory planning process for alternative agriculture and pesticides reductions of the community It would support integration of health, environment, economic and social aspects into participatory planning process for alternative agriculture and pesticides reductions of the community

33. · · It creats participation and empowerment mechanisms that give all stakeholders an appreciation of linkages between health, environment and ecosystems, society and economy. It creats participation and empowerment mechanisms that give all stakeholders an appreciation of linkages between health, environment and ecosystems, society and economy. Clarification of authority relationships among all stakeholders in policy processes should be an essential element of self-assessment and group learning models and exercises. Clarification of authority relationships among all stakeholders in policy processes should be an essential element of self-assessment and group learning models and exercises.

34. · · A tool should be developed to guide and facilitate surveillance of pesticide use by local farmers and local administrations and cover the entire plant-to-harvest cycle, including pesticide disposal and environmental restoration. A tool should be developed to guide and facilitate surveillance of pesticide use by local farmers and local administrations and cover the entire plant-to-harvest cycle, including pesticide disposal and environmental restoration. Implementation of such a local tool over time, could be built into a broader provincial and national surveillance system, filling an important gap in existing surveillance mechanisms. Implementation of such a local tool over time, could be built into a broader provincial and national surveillance system, filling an important gap in existing surveillance mechanisms.

35. · · Developing policy networks inside and beyond the community can help reinforce and strengthen policy implementation. Developing policy networks inside and beyond the community can help reinforce and strengthen policy implementation. Farmers and stakeholders need to be involved in follow-up, monitoring and evaluation of plans. Farmers and stakeholders need to be involved in follow-up, monitoring and evaluation of plans.

36. AcknowledgementAcknowledgement Dr.Twisuk Punpeng Department of Health Ms. Theechat Boonyakarnkul Department of Health Mr.Marut JatiketThai Educational Foundation Mr.Anucha KetcharoenKampangpetch Rachabaj University Mr.Sakda Sriniwet Department of Extension Ms.Orapan SrisukwattanaHealth System Reform Office Ms.Umaporn Dangwiboon Department of Health Tung Tong Community and Relevant Officers

37. Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention