1. Federalists and Anti-Federalists America’s First Political Parties

2. Who Were the Leaders of the Federalists? Federalist Leaders- Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

3. Who Were the Leaders of the Anti- Federalists? Anti-Federalist Leaders- Patrick Henry, George Mason, Thomas Jefferson

4. Balance of Power in Government Federalists – wanted a strong, centralized, national government. (federal government) Anti-Federalists- wanted strong state governments with a limited, weak national government.

5. Federalists = Strong National Government

6. Anti-Federalists = Weak National Government / Strong State Governments

7. Discussion Questions 1. Why would Federalists want a strong national government? 2. Why would Anti-Federalists want strong state governments and a weak national government?

8. Discussion Question Answers 1. Federalists believed a strong national government could properly protect and defend its citizens from domestic unrest and foreign invasion. 2. Anti-Federalists believed strong state governments and a weak federal government would provide the best protection of individual liberties

9. Who did the Federalists and Antifederalists Represent? Federalists were representing the rich merchants and land owners (the elite). Antifederalists were representing the small farmers, laborers (the middle and poor class).

10. A Functioning Republic Federalists- believed that a republic could work in a country as geographically large and heavily populated as the United States. Anti-Federalists- believed that a republic could not work properly in a country as large as the United States because there was no historical precedent for it. (It had never been done before)

11. Just under 4 million people in U.S. in 1790

12. Representation in Congress Federalists wanted a proportional representation of the states in Congress. Population and the subsequent wealth of the states should determine representation. Anti-Federalists wanted equal representation for each state in Congress.

13. Discussion Questions 1. Which plan from the Great Compromise corresponds to the beliefs of the Federalists? 2. Which other plan from the Great Compromise corresponds to the beliefs of the Anti-Federalists?

14. Discussion Question Answers 1. Federalists favored the Virginia Plan 2. Anti-Federalists favored the New Jersey Plan

16. The Executive (President) Federalists wanted a strong executive (president) Anti-Federalists wanted a weak executive, more or less just an “employee” of the legislature

17. Election Process Federalists wanted the indirect election of officials. Anti-Federalists wanted the direct election of officials.

18. Discussion Question 1. What form of election is the Electoral College? Why is labeled that way?

19. Discussion Question Answer The Electoral College system is an indirect form of election. It is indirect because people choose electors and those electors choose the president, not the people directly.

20. Ratification of the U.S. Constitution Federalist favored ratification of the U.S. Constitution Anti-Federalists opposed ratification of the Constitution (especially without a Bill of Rights)

22. To Ratify or not…that is the question. The Federalists (Rich land owners, merchants) James Madison – Father of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton – Co-authored the Federalist Papers. John Jay – Leader of the Federalists. Co-authored the Federalist Papers. James Madison – Father of the Constitution Alexander Hamilton – Co-authored the Federalist Papers. John Jay – Leader of the Federalists. Co-authored the Federalist Papers. The Anti-Federalists (Small farmers, laborers) Patrick Henry – “I smell a rat.” Thomas Jefferson – “..the blood of Patriots and tyrants..” George Mason – The father of the Bill of Rights Patrick Henry – “I smell a rat.” Thomas Jefferson – “..the blood of Patriots and tyrants..” George Mason – The father of the Bill of Rights