1. Adverb Clauses

2. The Grammar of Adverb Clauses An adverb clause consists of an Adverb followed by a subject and a verb: An adverb clause consists of an Adverb followed by a subject and a verb:, AdverbSubjectVerb ++ Subject + Whenthe students finished ++ talkedthe teacher + Adverb Clause Main Clause

3. The Grammar of Adverb Clauses It is possible to reverse the order of most adverb clauses without changing the meaning of the sentence. It is possible to reverse the order of most adverb clauses without changing the meaning of the sentence. talkedThe teacher + VerbSubject + Main Clause AdverbSubjectVerb ++ Adverb Clause whenthe students finished ++

4. Adverb Clauses Adverb clause = dependent clause. Adverb clause = dependent clause. Ex. When the phone rang. Main clause = independent clause. Main clause = independent clause. Ex. The baby woke up. When the phone rang, the baby woke up

5. Adverb Clauses of Time

6. AFTER Future tense is not used in the adverb clause. It’s used in the MAIN CLAUSE. Future tense is not used in the adverb clause. It’s used in the MAIN CLAUSE. After she graduates, she will get a job. I will leave before he comes.

7. WHEN When I arrived, he was talking on the phone. When I arrived, he was talking on the phone. When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him. When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.

8. WHILE, AS During that time. * Adverb clause is in past progressive. While I was walking home, it began to rain. As I was walking home, it began to rain.

9. Since From that time to the present From that time to the present The PRESENT PERFECT is used in the main clause. The PRESENT PERFECT is used in the main clause. I haven’t seen him since he left this morning. I haven’t seen him since he left this morning. I’ve known her ever since I was a child. I’ve known her ever since I was a child.

10. Until We stayed there until we finished our lesson. We stayed there until we finished our lesson. We stayed there till we finished our lesson. We stayed there till we finished our lesson.

11. Before Before the rain started, Brenda and I played two sets of tennis.

12. As soon as Once As soon as it starts raining, we will leave. As soon as it starts raining, we will leave. Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball. Once I have a chance, I will throw you an ice ball.

13. As long as From the Beginning to the end. I will never speak to him as long as I live. I will never speak to him as long as I live. I will never speak to him so long as I live. I will never speak to him so long as I live.

14. Whenever Every time Whenever I see her, I say hello. Whenever I see her, I say hello. Every time I see her, I say hello. Every time I see her, I say hello.

15. The first time, the second time… The first time that I went to New York, I went to an opera. The first time that I went to New York, I went to an opera. I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York. I saw two plays the last time (that) I went to New York. The next time (that) I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet. The next time (that) I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.

16. I have been teaching English to nonnative speakers………I graduated in 1990. 1) When 2) Since 3) While 4) As

17. I taught in the U.S…….. I felt that I had enough experience to venture on to another country. 1) Once 2) When 3) Till 4) 1&3

18. I applied for a job in Saudi Arabia, and …….. I got the job I had started taking Arabic lessons to help me prepare for my new life. 1) 1) Once 2) 2) While 3) 3) By the time 4) 4) Whenever

19. After she comes home, I……….. her the news. 1) Told 2) Tell 3) Have told 4) Will tell

20. As I …….to her, the teacher began to shout. 1) Talk 2) Talked 3) Was talking 4) Will talk

21. Adverb Clauses of Reason Common adverbs that introduce adverb clauses of reason are the following

22. Since Since Joe got sick, we decided not to attend the party. Since Joe got sick, we decided not to attend the party.

23. Because The price of car insurance has gone up because car theft is on the rise. The price of car insurance has gone up because car theft is on the rise.

24. As As the term paper is due tomorrow, we need to stay home tonight to do it.

25. Inasmuch as Inasmuch as the patient felt better, she was able to leave the hospital.

26. Given that He had to take the course again given that he did not pass the final.

27. Since I arrived late to the party, I………. Many of my good friends. 1) haven’t seen 2) didn’t see 3) shouldn’t see 4) hadn’t seen

28. Originally, farmers started having fairs so that they could sell their produce and livestock. 1) Farmers went to fairs to produce 2) Fruits and vegetables were sold at fairs 3) Cows and pigs were sold at fairs 4) 2 & 3

29. Adverb Clauses of Place Common adverbs that introduce adverb clauses of place are the following

30. Where The town of Preston was built where two rivers meet.

31. Wherever Wherever I have lived, I have made new friends quite easily.

32. Anywhere It is important to drive more carefully anywhere it has just rained.

33. Everywhere Everywhere I shop, people tell me “Have a good day!”

34. On a plane, we can’t sit …… we want. We have to sit in our assigned seats. 1) everywhere 2) whatever 3) whenever 4) wherever

35. If you sit here, it’s better to put your bag in a place …….. you can reach it. 1) Wherever 2) Where 3) Anywhere 4) everywhere