1. GULFSTREAM CROSSINGS An Ocean and Weather Briefing Dane and Jenifer Clark

11. Warm Eddy Formation, stable instabilities, rower stuck in eddy

12. Cold Eddy formation, last up to 2 years, runaway barge

14. OCEAN FEATURE MOVEMENTS OVER TIME

15. Miami WERA Surface Currents

16. ALTIMETRY ANOMALY ANALYSIS SHOWING EDDY SEA HEIGHT ABOVE AND BELOW MEAN

17. DELFT OCEAN CURRENT MODEL From Satellite Altimetry Data

19. UMASS/Harvard Model

20. UMASS/Harvard Model Vectors/SST’s

22. WEATHER DOMINATES OCEAN FOR 1982 NEWPORT RACE! 1982 was a spectacular race that was postponed for 2 days due to weather

24. UNUSUALLY CLEAR IMAGERY FOR MARION RACE 1997

25. OCEAN FEATURES ANALYSIS FOR PREVIOUS IMAGE

26. MARION BERMUDA 1997 SUGGESTED ROUTES

28. Tori Murden’s victory row across Atlantic Ocean, first woman to solo Atlantic East to West, 1999

29. Hazardous Gulfstream Weather

30. Tropical Cyclone Formation Regions

33. Gulfstream Waterspouts

36. 1998 WHITBREAD ROUTES, GALE FORCE WINDS OPPOSING CURRENT

37. Square wave pattern the result of wind opposing ocean current

38. GULFSTREAM HAZARD SCALE GULFSTREAM HAZARD SCALE (SQUARE-WAVE CONDITIONS) CAT RISK* WN/OP/CUR FETCH SIG WV HEIGHT EXWAVES 1 LOW 20-25 KTS 1 DAY 5-10 FEET > 15 FEET 2 MODERATE 20-25 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 8-15 FEET > 20 FEET 3 HIGH 25-35 KTS 1 DAY 13-18 FEET > 30 FEET 25-35 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 15-25 FEET > 40 FEET 4 VERY HIGH 35-45 KTS 1 DAY 20-30 FEET > 50 FEET 35-45 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 25-35 FEET > 60 FEET 5 EXTREME 45-60+ KTS 1 DAY 30-45 FEET >70 FEET 45-60+ KTS 2-3+ DAYS 35-50 FEET >80 FEET RISK - PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING AN EXTREME WAVE WITH A “SQUARE WAVE” OR STEEP-FACE STRUCTURE (A RECOGNIZED HAZARD TO NAVIGATION) WN/OP/CUR – WIND OPPOSING CURRENT (BOTH MAIN GULFSTREAM AND EDDIES) FETCH – DISTANCE AND DURATION OF THE WIND PATTERN SIG WV HEIGHT – SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT (INTERNATIONAL SCALE) EXWAVES – EXTREME WAVE POTENTIAL AFTER SEVERAL HOURS IN THESE CONDITIONS

39. Norwegian Dawn Apr 05– MIA to NY

46. GULFSTREAM HAZARD SCALE GULFSTREAM HAZARD SCALE (SQUARE-WAVE CONDITIONS) CAT RISK* WN/OP/CUR FETCH SIG WV HEIGHT EXWAVES 1 LOW 20-25 KTS 1 DAY 5-10 FEET > 15 FEET 2 MODERATE 20-25 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 8-15 FEET > 20 FEET 3 HIGH 25-35 KTS 1 DAY 13-18 FEET > 30 FEET 25-35 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 15-25 FEET > 40 FEET 4 VERY HIGH 35-45 KTS 1 DAY 20-30 FEET > 50 FEET 35-45 KTS 2-3+ DAYS 25-35 FEET > 60 FEET 5 EXTREME 45-60+ KTS 1 DAY 30-45 FEET >70 FEET 45-60+ KTS 2-3+ DAYS 35-50 FEET >80 FEET RISK - PROBABILITY OF ENCOUNTERING AN EXTREME WAVE WITH A “SQUARE WAVE” OR STEEP-FACE STRUCTURE (A RECOGNIZED HAZARD TO NAVIGATION) WN/OP/CUR – WIND OPPOSING CURRENT (BOTH MAIN GULFSTREAM AND EDDIES) FETCH – DISTANCE AND DURATION OF THE WIND PATTERN SIG WV HEIGHT – SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT (INTERNATIONAL SCALE) EXWAVES – EXTREME WAVE POTENTIAL AFTER SEVERAL HOURS IN THESE CONDITIONS

47. April 07- Storm – SubTrop Andrea 4 boats lost, 9 rescued, 4 died, 21 containers overboard

48. April 2007

55. Extreme Wave

56. Wrong Place – Wrong Time!!