1. A quick look back at Protein Synthesis:

2. Genes and Heredity “You’re a chip off the old block!” The apple didn’t fall far from the tree.” What observations led to speculation that characteristics are inherited?

3. Traits are controlled by genes on chromosomes. Your traits are the result of the interactions of the genes of both parents. Hybrids: offspring that differ from the parent in one or more traits. Mendels Experiments.isf

4. Mendel’s Experiments Characteristics Dominant traitRecessive Trait Seed shapeRoundwrinkled Seed colourYellowGreen Pod shapeInflatedconstricted Pod colourGreenyellow Flower colourPurplewhite

5. Dominant and recessive Dominant trait: genes that determine the expression of the genetic trait in the offspring Recessive trait: genes that are overruled by dominant genes

6. Mendel’s Laws of Heredity The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called heredity. traits are the result of interactions of the genes of both parents. 1. Inherited characteristics are controlled by factors called genes 2. One gene masks the effects of another. Principle of dominance 3. A pair of factors or genes, segregate during the formation of gametes – law of Segregation.

7. How Mendel showed traits being passed on. Dominant trait --  capital letter R Recessive trait-  lower case r Traits occur in pairs: RR, Rr, rr Gene for seed shape: allele-  R = round allele -  r = wrinkled Dominant vs RecessiveDominant vs Recessive Humans Autosomal traits