1. HN2100 Collective Agreement Administration
With
Paul Tilley
Unit 4
Collective Agreement Administration - Part 2

2. Overview of this Unit
In this unit we will examine the process of administering a collective agreement.  Including:
Key provisions of a Collective Agreement
Key principles surrounding the right to file grievances,
the role of the union in fairly representing members' interests in the process, and
the use of grievances rather than strikes to settle contract disputes will be examined.
We will distinguish between the different types of labour relations disputes and focus upon rights disputes, as we examine some commonly grieved rights issues such as seniority and discipline and discharge. 

3. Unit 4 Collective Agreement Administration - Part 2
After completing this unit, you should be able to:
Identify the contents of a collective agreement
Describe the grievance procedure
Identify mandatory collective agreement language
Distinguish between and interest grievance and a rights grievance
Explain the role of the labour board in grievance arbitration
Identify the types of disciplinary action
Discuss the discipline grievance
Explain the concept of due process

4. Contents of a Collective Agreement
Is a legal contract negotiated between a union and an employer
typically sets out the rates of pay, hours of work, vacations, benefits, grievance procedures, and other conditions of employment
Has a set term. (typically one to three years)
Since each workplace is unique, collective agreements are negotiated between the union (representing employees in the bargaining unit) and the employer to deal with many of the unique issues of that particular workplace.

5. Mandatory provisions of a Collective Agreement
Labour legislation does specify that there are key provisions that must be present in all collective agreements – so-called mandatory provisions.
Typical Labour Relations Acts require that:
there be no strikes or lockouts during the term of the collective agreement
workplace disputes within the term of the agreement must be settled without work stoppage
agreements be in force for at least one year
The employer must deduct dues from each member of the unit, regardless if they are members of the union
collective agreements are binding on both parties involved and individual deals cannot be made with workers (unless my mutual agreement)
The union is the sole representative of the bargaining unit (Recognition clause)
Management has the right to manage the jobsite

6. Mandatory provisions of a Collective Agreement
Labour legislation does specify that there are key provisions that must be present in all collective agreements – socalled mandatory provisions.
Recognition clause - The [employer] recognizes the Union as the sole bargaining agent for all employees [insert words from certification] except for those employees [insert exemptions from certification].
Management Rights clause - The Union recognizes and acknowledges that management of the operations and direction of the working force are fixed exclusively in the [employer], and [the employer] has the right without restricting the generality of the foregoing to: Maintain order and efficiency - Hire, promote, demote, classify, transfer, suspend and rehire employees, and to discipline or discharge any employee for just cause provided that a claim by an employee who has acquired seniority, that he/she has been discharged or disciplined without just cause may be the subject of a grievance and dealt with as hereinafter provided.
Make, enforce and alter, from time to time, rules and regulations to be observed by the employees. Such rules or regulations shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Agreement.
Union Security clauses - Consider if employees would be required to be members of the union in order to be and/or remain employed, or if employees would automatically have union dues deducted from their pay whether or not they are members of the union.
Workload clauses – Defines workload
Salary & benefit clauses – defines salary
Vacation and Leave clauses – defines vacation and leave policy
Sick Leave clauses – defines sick leave
Hours of Work and Overtime provision
Seniority clauses
Grievance provision

7. Workplace Disputes
Workplaces can be breeding grounds for conflict, including those arising out of development and subsequent interpretation of the employment contract. There are two basic classifications of workplace disputes:
Interest disputes – A dispute that arise because the union and management are unable to negotiate a collective agreement.
Rights Disputes- A dispute that arises from the interpretation and application of the collective agreement, such as the individual, group and policy grievances described previously.

8. Resolving Disputes – The Grievance Procedure
a grievance is a complaint raised by an employee that may arise from a violation of a collective bargaining agreement, the terms of a contract, the treatment by others in the workplace, or violations of the law, such as workplace safety regulations.
A raised grievance is resolved by a procedure provided for in all collective agreements.
As the griever progresses through the steps, the meetings become more formalized and often involve more senior management.

9. The Grievance Procedure

10. The Grievance Procedure
Before a grievance actually becomes a "grievance," it is said to be a complaint which is usually made orally, after consultation with the shop steward.  The shop steward is elected by the union membership to represent workers.  One of the main functions of the steward is to receive and investigate grievances. 
Typically, if the complaint is not handled satisfactory to the griever, the griever can file a step 1 grievance to his/her supervisor. Most grievance procedures contain time limits at each step which ensure that grievances are dealt with expeditiously.
If not settled to the satisfaction of the Griever, the grievance continues to progressively higher levels of the employer’s organization.
When grievances cannot be settled at any of the various steps outlined in the grievance procedure, the final stage is arbitration where an arbitrator, or board of arbitrators, decide the case and their decision is final and binding.

11. The Grievance Procedure Towards Arbitration
If the grievance remains unsettled, representatives for both sides would continue to meet to resolve the conflict. On rare occasions, a representative from the national union might join the process. Or, a corporate executive from headquarters (if the firm is a large corporation) might be called in to help resolve the grievance.
If not solved at this stage, the grievance goes to arbitration. Arbitration is flexible and can be applied to almost any kind of controversy except
Grievance arbitration is a means by which disputes arising from different interpretations of a labour contract are settled by a third party.

12. The Grievance Procedure Arbitration
When grievances cannot be settled at any of the various steps outlined in the grievance procedure, the final stage is arbitration where an arbitrator, or board of arbitrators, decide the case and their decision is final and binding.

13. The Grievance Procedure Is the issue in question arbitrable?
Not only do arbitrators determine the issue in dispute, they also determine whether they have jurisdiction to hear the dispute - that is, whether the dispute is arbitrable. 
To move to arbitration, the following questions must be satisfactory answered by the union:
Does the complaint constitute a valid grievance?
If it does, is there any likelihood of success? 
Would a dismissal of the grievance create an unfavourable precedent that would be bad for the bargaining unit or the union?
Would the success of the grievance harm the interests of other members of the bargaining unit?
Would the failure of the grievance confirm misconduct that could be used against the grievor later?
Does the gain to be made justify the financial cost?

14. The Grievance Procedure Duty of Fair Representation
All unions must fairly represent their members. The duty of fair representation requires a union to treat bargaining unit members fairly and honestly, in a manner that is not arbitrary, discriminatory or in bad faith.

15. The Grievance Video – The Grivance
This older, but relevant short documentary gives an introductory portrait to labour relations in Canada.
Produced in cooperation with the Trades and Labour Congress of Canada, the film traces the process of filing a worker’s grievance in the mechanical and industrial fields.
union.