1. September 25 Agenda Attendance Biomolecules and enzymes QUIZ Notes over cell types, structures and functions Quiz next class over cell structures and functions and comparing contrasting prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

2. Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells

3. What are the characteristics of life? Characteristics of life: Made of cells Use energy - metabolism Reproduce Respond to stimulus Change over time - grow Movement of materials

4. How do we define life? Cell Theory All living organisms are composed of cells Cells are the smallest structures that perform the functions of life All cells come from preexisting cells Theory Statements that explain a phenomenon; repeatedly tested, widely accepted, and used to make predictions.

5. What do all cells have in common? All cells have common structures Cell membrane Ribosome Cytoplasm Cells contain DNA Cells are basic unit of life

6. Make a three column chart. (Title of slide) ProkaryotesEukaryotes Two types of cellsProkaryotes Eukaryotes Cell History Cell size

7. Two Cell Types Prokaryotic “pro” – before “karyo” – kernel, nucleus a cell type before the evolution of a nucleus Eukaryotic “eu” – true cell with a true nucleus

8. Cell History Prokaryotic Ancient cells Evolved 3.5 bya Eukaryotic Modern cells Evolved 1.4 bya Stromatolites, ancient bacterial formations

9. Cell Size Prokaryotic Smaller cells 1 to 10 µm Eukaryotic Larger cells 10 to 100 µm

10. Cell Size Comparison

11. Cell Organization Prokaryotic Simple cells with all parts in “one room” Eukaryotic Complex cells with many compartments

12. Location of DNA Prokaryotic DNA is loose in the cytoplasm (no nucleus) Eukaryotic DNA is protected in the nucleus

13. Presence of Organelles Prokaryotic Ribosomes only Eukaryotic Many, membrane - bound organelles

14. Type of Organisms Prokaryotic Bacteria only! Eukaryotic Plants, Animals, Fungi, and Protists

15. Prokaryotes: Bacteria

16. Size of Organisms Prokaryotic Always unicellular (single cell) Bacteria are cell size: 1 to 10 µm Eukaryotic Mostly multicellular (more than one cell) Range from cell size (10µm) to the size of a sequoia tree (83 m)

17. Cell Structures and Functions Animal Cell

18. Viruses Viruses are not considered living because: i. they are not made of cells and ii.need a host cell to reproduce Viruses are much smaller than cells Viruses and cells both contain DNA

19. Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells

20. Structure & Function

21. What is structure? A structure is a physical part, or a description of how something is built.

22. What is function? A function is a job, a purpose, or a process that needs to be done.

23. What are organelles? An organelle is a “mini organ” inside a eukaryotic cell that carries out a specific function.

24. Cell Membrane Lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell Embedded proteins control what materials enter and leave the cell.

25. Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid inside the cell membrane Supports and holds all the organelles

26. Ribosomes Where proteins are assembled Translate genes into proteins

27. Cell Wall Support, strength, and protection Found outside plasma membrane Plant Cell Wall  Bacteria Cell Wall

28. Flagella/Cilia Extensions of the plasma membrane that allow for movement Bacteria with many flagella

29. Nucleus Membrane bound area where chromosomes are found Holds the DNA, or genetic information

30. Nucleolus Dense region found in the nucleus where ribosomal RNA is made

31. Mitochondria Produces ATP (energy) for the cell during cellular respiration Composed of inner and outer membrane

32. Chloroplasts Contains chlorophyll Site of photosynthesis reactions

33. Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranous stacks with rough and smooth sections Participates in protein synthesis and membrane synthesis

34. Golgi Apparatus Modifies and packages proteins for secretion by budding of vesicles

35. Lysosomes Contains enzymes that break down cell wastes and foods Recycle old cell parts Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes 

36. Vacuole Stores water and pigments in plant cells

37. Centrioles Used to organize chromosomes during cell division using spindle fibers.

38. Cells Make Proteins

39. Cell Type, Structure, & Function Bio.4 - Biology Science concepts. The student knows that cells are the basic structures of all living things with specialized parts that perform specific functions and that viruses are different from cells