1. Metadata-based Discovery: Experience in Crystallography UKOLN is supported by: Monica Duke m.duke@ukoln.ac.uk UKOLN, University of Bath, UK A centre of expertise in digital information management http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/

2. Discovery in the curation life-cycle “Digital Curation itself is the active management of data over the life-cycle of scholarly and scientific interest; it is the key to reproducibility and re-use. Metadata for resource discovery and retrieval are important, with mark-up on time/place referencing as well as subject description and linkage to discipline based ontologies providing key research foci.” Chris Rusbridge et al. http://www.dcc.ac.uk/docs/publications/DCC_Sardinia_paper_final.pdf

3. Digital Library Infrastructures Historically, cross-search and discovery protocols an area of interest and research Z39.50 perceived to have barriers/limitations OAI-PMH developed using a harvesting model http://www.openarchives.org/

4. The OAI-PMH Data providers Service providers Harvesting based on OAI-PMH

5. The OAI-PMH OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting simple protocol for sharing metadata records between applications currently at version 2.0 based on HTTP, XML, XML Schema and XML namespaces allows a harvester to ask a remote repository for some or all of its metadata records  where ‘some’ is based on date-stamps, sets, metadata formats

6. Metadata in the eBank UK project Simple Dublin Core www.dublincore.orgwww.dublincore.org Intended for resource discovery Compatible with OAI-PMH Qualified to specify ‘vocabularies’ Refinements: aid interpretation of element value E.g. seafood “Dumbing-down” principle applies

7. Metadata terms Creator Rights Date Type Identifier Specified using XML schema and documented using an Application Profile http://www.rdn.ac.uk/oai/ebank/20060310/ebank_dc.xsd http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/ebank-uk/schemas/profile/ Subject InChI ChemicalFormula Organic

8. Information sources for Crystallography Cross-discipline sources  OAIster  DAREnet Discipline-specific  ChemRefer  Chemistry Central  Crystallography Open Database  Reciprocal Net Texts/publications, chemistry general Data, crystallography

9. The discovery landscape Some within OAI-PMH infrastructure (metadata- based) Variety of (human) search interfaces (simple to advanced) Well established sources  Cambridge Structural Database  Protein Data Bank

10. OAIster An OAI-PMH aggregator Wide-ranging and inclusive: Any repository, all content types Metadata from 675 institutions Limit by resource type inc. datasets (5 results) Pointers to collections of data 2000+ records for ‘crystallography’ Results spread across several sources

12. OAIster http://www.oaister.org/

13. DAREnet www.darenet.nl Worldwide access to Dutch academic research results Simple search: “crystallography” (40 results) General advanced search (author, year)

14. DAREnet

16. ChemRefer http://www.chemrefer.com Access to full text chemical, pharmaceutical literature Index Simple search interface

17. ChemRefer

18. ChemRefer display of results

19. Chemistry Central No search feature (through Biomed central)

20. Crystallography Open Database (COD) www.crystallography.net Promotes open data Allows submission ‘REF’ format also used 40K entries

21. COD

22. Reciprocal Net A distributed crystallography network for researchers, students and the general public Search engine http://www.reciprocalnet.org/recipnet/search.jsp http://www.reciprocalnet.org/recipnet/search.jsp Crystallography-specific search interface

23. Reciprocal Net Search Interface

24. Dataset result in Reciprocal Net

25. Joining up the landscape Technical infrastructure differences can be overcome Agreement on common APIs, metadata sets Hide API differences from user Survey in one application area – how similar are other disciplines?

26. Issues with cross-search Audiences  Who are the user groups?  What are their information needs? Selection  Identifying subsets of interest Human Interface design  Search options  Presentation of heterogenous information