1. GCSE Resistant Materials Tools and Equipment
Summer Examination 2015

2. Sawing There are a number of saws available that are used for wasting and shaping materials. The teeth of a saw a bent outwards slightly, which provides clearance to prevent the saw jamming. This does mean that there is a cut slightly wider than the width of a blade. Tennon saw: the blade is stiffened to make straight cuts. It is used to cut wood to the correct length. Coping saw: used for cutting metal and plastic as well as thinner woods, the coping saw has a fine blade that is ideal for cutting materials at angles, or curves. The teeth on a coping saw face back towards the handle. Hack saw: used to cut metals and plastics, the hack saw has finer teeth that face forward and the blade is held in tension with a screw. Junior Hack saw: this is a smaller version of a hacksaw and has a smaller blade and frame, for smaller materials.
Hand Tools

3. Shaping Materials can be shaped using a variety of hand tools
Shaping Materials can be shaped using a variety of hand tools. They cut and remove materials. These tools need to be kept sharp. Chisels: chisels can be used for removing waste materials as well as shaping. A firmer chisel is for general purposes, a bevel edged chisel is for working with awkward corners, and a mortise chisel is for removing mortises. Files: Files are used when working with metal and plastic, and have a range of shapes depending on the job. You use a file in one of two ways, draw filing, and cross filing. Draw filing is for achieving a smooth finish, and cross filing is for going across the material. Plane: A plane is used mostly with wood, it can be used on plastic but blunts the blade quickly. A plane is used primarily for removing shavings of wood, to reduce the size of the material. You shouldn’t plane across the materials grain.
Hand Tools

4. Tape Measure: for measuring an object Spirit level: for checking an object is level, vertically or horizontally. G-cramp: is used for securing material. Hand drill: for creating holes in material. Bradawl: for scribing into material when screwing or nailing Marking Gauge: for marking onto materials. Tri-Square: for marking lines at a 90 degree angle Screw driver: for screwing into a material. Hammer/Mallet: for tapping tools when chiseling, assembling etc.
Hand Tools

5. Machine tools Pillar drill: a pillar drill can be used on most materials, and the handle offers a mechanical advantage, so less effort is required when drilling materials. The material can be clamped to a table. A depth stop, and a chick allow the drill bit to be held steady so more precision is achieved. Belt/Disc Sander: can be used for trimming accurately to a line, or making a material flat. Machine has guards and dust extractors for safety. Wood lathe: machine uses a turning action to shape materials that are held securely and rotated. A turning or cutting tool is used to add a design or shape to the material. An example would be a table leg.
Power tools

6. Machine tools Band Saw: a single circular blade is held into place in the machine and rotates to cut material. Blades are flexible steel and come in a variety of sizes. Smaller versions of the band saw are available for students to use in schools under close supervision. Scroll Saw: uses a small blade which is held in place and moves in an up and down motion to cut finer shapes into material. Often referred to as a Hegner saw. Milling Machine: a rotating multi-toothed cutter shapes materials, using a high level of precision. The machine can move in 3 axes (x,y,z) depending on the job being performed.
Power tools

7. Cordless drill: the cordless drill uses a low voltage, rechargeable battery to offer a safe alternative to a hand drill. The clutch activates the drill that has a number of speed settings, and can be used as a screw driver. Jigsaw: can be used for making cuts into material. The jigsaw has a number of blade thicknesses and works with a number of materials. The jigsaw created a vibrating motion so securing work is needed. Palm Sander: the palm sander is a smaller version of a belt sander. The sand paper can be changed and the machine is ergonomically designed to fit into the users palm. Materials being sanded should be clamped. Router: the router can produce slots, shapes and decorate the edge of woods.
Hand Held Power tools

8. Practice Question