1. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. A View of Egypt by Satellite

3. The Annual Flooding of the Nile The Annual Flooding of the Nile Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed its banks its nutrient rich silt was deposited on its shores.

4. The Fertile Nile Valley Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew into regional states known as Upper and Lower Egypt

5. Ancient Egyptian History PeriodsTime Frame Nile Culture Begins3900 B. C. E. Old Kingdom2705 – 2213 B. C. E. Middle Kingdom2061 – 1668 B. C. E. New Kingdom1560 – 1070 B. C. E. Greek Ptolemaic Era332 – 30 B. C. E. Roman Period30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

6. Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt First Dynasty c. 3050 B. C. E. ? The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt marked the beginning of the 3,000 year civilization of Ancient Egypt.

7. Scenes of Ancient Egyptian Daily Life Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a period of confusion that lasted until a new dynasty restored order.

8. Ancient Egyptian Housing Middle Class Homes Peasant Homes

9. An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves” Perfume Perfume Whigs Whigs Mirror Mirror

10. Egyptian Social Hierarchy Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally it was the rulers palaces that were known as Pharaohs, meaning Great House

11. Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Thutmose III 1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Ramses II 1279-1212 B. C. E. Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E. Tutankhamon 1336-1327 B. C. E.

12. Papyrus  Paper Papyrus  Paper Papyrus Plant Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This form of writing is based on picture like symbols that are carved into stone tablets / monuments or placed on papyrus Hieratic Scroll Piece

13. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

14. Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship 110100100010,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this? What number is this? 2,525

15. Egyptian Scribe Egyptian Scribe A system of writing allowed Egyptians to keep records of the Kingdom’s history, knowledge, and business matters, i.e. taxes.

16. Preparations for the Underworld Preparations for the Underworld They were expected to rule in both this life and the next Rulers = Gods They stood at the center of Egypt’s religion and government Rulers = Gods They stood at the center of Egypt’s religion and government

17. Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants in the Afterlife

18. Egyptian Book of the Dead They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so they made elaborate preparations for their deaths.

19. “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu “Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries for their eternal comfort

20. Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and is the oldest standing building in the world

21. Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

22. Giza Pyramid Complex Largest Pyramid Built by King Khufu

23. The Valley of the Kings The construction of monuments drained the Old Kingdom financially. In time droughts and weak kings led to the decline of this civilization

24. Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water from the Nile into storage basins.

25. The Hyksos Invasion They rolled into the Nile River Valley In revolutionary two wheeled chariots The Middle Kingdom was attacked by the Hyksos in 1770 B.C

26. King Tutankhamun’s Tomb King Tutankhamun’s Tomb Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.

27. King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask 1336-1327 B. C. E. = One of The Best Known Rulers of Egypt 1336-1327 B. C. E. = One of The Best Known Rulers of Egypt

28. Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

29. King Tutankhamon King Tutankhamon

30. Treasures From Tut’s Tomb Treasures From Tut’s Tomb