1. Dr. Richardson Information Studies 180 November 5, 2008

3. Any document written by hand Ancient western world book was in form of a Scroll or Roll Papyrus sheets Standard size: 30 feet long, 7-10 inches wide Standard sheet size: Ten by seven and one-half inches Writing was in columns three inches wide called pagina

4. Eastern Mediterranean and Ancient Egyptian Civilizations Israelites : Torah Hand-copying process 2,000 hours 40 hour work week 2,080 hours a year Divided up into pages

5. Letters written from left to right Right to left Or alternating in direction “Ox turning”

6. Early Evidence : Berthe van Regemorter Hittite Empire from 8 th or 7 th c. BCE Pergamum 3 rd c. BCE Basic codex form invented Romans 1 st c. AD Latin Poet Martial experimented with the format

7. Martial in 84-86 AD first to mention a parchment codex More convenient for travelers Save space in a library Fourth century AD the codex gains wide acceptance Could be opened flat Allowed easier reading Pages written on both front/back Durable covers

8. Nomina Sacra Differentiate from the Script of the Jews Reference passages of the Bible Monasticism Book Production

9. Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398-1468) Movable Type B42 Type 1458 36 Type-Bible Print

12. Frozen in time Must read whole book Expensive to produce U.S. decrease of 18% EBooks: Kindle, Online book catalog

14. www.wikipedia.org web.ku.edu www.buzzmachine.com www.bowker.com