1. HS111-Medical Terminology Seminar Sept.28 th – October 4 th, 2011 Unit 6: Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, & Digestive Systems

2. Learning Activities for this week 1. Complete Reading – Ch. 10 & Ch. 11 2. Participate in Discussion 3. Participate in Seminar – Opt. 1 or Opt. 2 4. Take Quiz by Tuesday 5. No project due this week (or next week)

3. Begins on page 392 Chapter 10: Cardiovascular, Immune, and Lymphatic Systems and Blood

4. Functions & Organs Involved Cardiovascular System – pumps and transports blood throughout the body  Consists of heart and closed network of blood vessels composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries  Heart pumps blood containing O 2 and nutrients to body tissues (arteries)  There is an exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and body (capillaries)  The blood carrying CO 2 and waste is carried from tissues through veins to organs of excretion

5. The Heart

6. Functions Cont.’d Blood – maintains internal balance in the body; includes transportation, protection, and regulation 8% of body weight

7. Functions Cont.’d Lymphatic System – 3 functions 1. Return excessive tissue fluid to the blood 2. Absorb fats and fat-soluble vitamins from small intestine and transport them to the blood 3. Provide defence against infection Functions through a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs Structures include lymph, lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, and thymus gland

8. Functions Cont.’d Immune System – protects body against pathogens, foreign agents that cause allergic rxns or toxins, and abnormal body cells Doesn’t have its own organs or structures It’s function depends no organs and structures of other systems Three lines of defense: 1. Prevention of foreign substances from entering in the body 2. Includes inflammation and fever plus phagocytosis (process in which some WBCs destroy invading microorganisms); also activated are protective proteins and natural killer cells 3. Specific immunity – provides protection against specific pathogens (such as polio) by forming specific antibodies

9. Combining Forms of these Systems Angi/o............................................................vessel (usually blood) Aort/o......................................................................................aorta Arteri/o....................................................................................artery Atri/o.....................................................................................atrium Cardi/o.....................................................................................heart Lymphaden/o................................................................lymph node Lymph/o..........................................................lymph, lymph tissue Myel/o........................................................................bone marrow Phleb/o, ven/o...........................................................................vein Plasm/o.................................................................................plasma Splen/o..................................................................................spleen Thym/o.......................................................................thymus gland Valv/o, valvul/o.......................................................................valve Ventricul/o..........................................................................ventricle

10. More Combining Forms Ather/o........yellowish, fatty plaque Ech/o.........................sound Electr/o................electricity Isch/o.................deficiency, blockage Therm/o........................heat Thromb/o......................clot

11. Prefixes & Suffixes PrefixSuffixes Brady-........................slow -ac.................pertaining to -apheresis............removal -graph..............instrument used to record; record -odynia.......................pain -penia.................abnormal reduction in # -poiesis..............formation -sclerosis.........hardening

12. QUIZ – define Give me the definition: 1. Angi/o/scopy 2. Ech/o/cardi/o/gram 3. Cardi/ac

13. Disease & Disorder Terms Angi/o/stenosis - narrowing of a blood vessel Arteri/o/sclerosis – hardening of the arteries Brady/cardi/a – condition of a slow heart (<60 bpm) Isch/emia – deficiency of blood flow Tachy/cardi/a – abnormal state of rapid heart (>100 bpm) Hemat/oma – tumor of blood Lymph/oma – tumor of lymphatic tissue; malignant Splen/o/megaly – enlargement of the spleen Aneurysm – ballooning of weakened portion of an arterial wall Cardiac arrest – sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation; requires CPR Myocardial infarction – heart attack Anemia – reduced in the amount of hemoglobin in RBCs

14. Surgical Terms Angi/o/plasty – surgical repair of a blood vessel Phleb/ectomy – excision of a vein Splen/ectomy – excision of the spleen Cardiac pacemaker – battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin w/leads placed on heart or in the chamber of the heart Bone marrow transplant – infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor w/matching cells and tissue to a recipient w/a certain type of leukemia or anemia

15. Diagnostic Terms Angi/o/scopy – visual exam of a blood vessel Echo/cardi/o/gram (ECHO) – record of heart using sound Electr/o/cardi/o/gram (ECG, EKG) – record of the electrical activity of the heart Blood pressure – pressure exerted by the blood against the vessel walls (normal 120-80) Sphygmomanometer – device used to measure bp Lipid profile – blood test used to measure the amt of lipids in a sample of blood

16. Complementary Terms Cardiac – pertaining to the heart Hypothermia – condition of temp that is below (normal) Intravenous (IV) – pertaining to w/in the vein Phlebology – study of veins Hemostasis – stoppage of bleeding Hypertension – high bp (over 140/90) Anticoagulant – agent that slows the clotting process Antibiotic – drug that targets microorganisms to kill or halt growth or replication *Abbreviations on p.455-456*

17. Who needs a break??

18. (begins on p. 470) Chapter 11: Digestive System

19. Functions & Organs Involved Digestive Tract – aka. alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract or GI tract The organs involved form a continuous tract from mouth to anus Prepares ingested food for use by the body cells through physical and chemical digestion Eliminates the solid waste products from body Organs involved include mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus

20. Organs

21. Combining Forms of Digestive Tract Terms An/o.................................................anus Antr/o..........................................antrum Cec/o............................................cecum Col/o, colon/o................................colon Duoden/o...............................duodenum Enter/o.......................................intestine Esophag/o...............................esophagus Gastr/o.......................................stomach Ile/o...............................................ileum Jejun/o.......................................jejunum Or/o, stomat/o..............................mouth Proct/o, rect/o..............................rectum Sigmoid/o.........................sigmoid colon

22. More Combining Forms Abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o................................abdomen Cheil/o.............................................lip Chol/e....................................gall, bile Gingiv/o.......................................gum Gloss/o, lingu/o........................tongue Pancreat/o..............................pancreas Sial/o..................saliva, salivary gland Steat/o.............................................fat

23. Prefixes & Suffixes Prefix Hemi-..........................half Suffix -pepsia................digestion

24. QUIZ QUIZ Give me the definition=> 1. Enter/o 2. Gastr/o Breakdown this term into word parts: 1. gastroenterocolitis

25. Medical Terms Chol/e/cyst/itis – inflammation of gallbladder Diverticul/itis – inflammation of a diverticulum Proctoptosis – prolapse of the rectum

26. Disease & Disorder Terms Cirrhosis – chronic dz of liver w/gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; cause = alcoholism Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) – abnormal backward flow of GI contents into esophagus, causing heartburn and gradual breakdown of mucous barrier of esophagus Hemorrhoid – varicose vein in rectal area Ulcerative col/itis – inflammation of colon w/formation of ulcers

27. Surgical Terms An/o/plasty – surgical repair of anus Col/o/stomy – creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through abdomen wall); used for passing stools Gloss/o/rrhaphy – suture of the tongue Bariatric surgery – surgical reduction of gastric capacity to treat morbid obesity Hemorrhoid/ectomy - excision of hemorrhoids

28. Diagnostic Terms Esophag/o/gram – radiographic image of the esophagus (aka barium swallow or esophagram) Colon/o/scopy – visual exam of the colon Endo/scopy – visual exam w/in a hollow organ Lapar/o/scope – instrument used for visual exam of the abdominal cavity Upper GI series – series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has been swallowed

29. Complementary Terms Dys/pepsia – difficult digestion Nas/o/gastr/ic – pertaining to nose and stomach Oral – pertaining to mouth Proct/o/logy – study of rectum Sublingual – pertaining to under the tongue Ascites – abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity Diarrhea – frequent discharge of liquid stool Emesis – vomiting *Abbreviations on p. 523*

30. Good night & have a great week!