1. CHAPTER 22 Section 1:Aftermath of War in Europe Objectives: What were the origins of the postwar settlement for Europe? Why was Germany divided into four occupation zones and what developed as a result? How is the United Nations organized? Europe and North America in the Postwar Years

2. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Yalta Conference Allied Control Council United Nations ensure lasting peace, decide how to deal with defeated nations to oversee temporary German government to prevent another war PurposeResult Bell Ringer 22.1: What were the purposes and results of the wartime conferences?

3. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe At the end of WWII, the Allied nations had trouble determining how to keep peace in Europe.

4. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Victory over the Axis powers brought on a whole new set of problems. To some degree, these problems were the result of decisions they had made during the war.

5. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe 1943 – The “Big Three” met in Tehran, Iran … decided to defeat Germany on two fronts – Western Allies would attack from the west while Soviet forces would attack from the east.

6. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Division & Occupation of Germany City of Berlin

7. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Poland? –Churchill & Roosevelt believed they should determine their own futures – Stalin promised to allow free elections …..hmmmmm Eastern European gov’ts –Stalin wanted friendly gov’t under SOVIET control How to prevent future war –They argued over sphere of influence –United Nations organization through collective security arrangements

8. Political Cartoon Aftermath of War in Europe

9. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Decisions made at Potsdam Germany should remain a single country, although it would be divided for the time being. Germany must be demilitarized. Nazi Party outlawed. Gov’t rebuilt on a democratic basis. War crimes trials would be held.

10. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Demilitarization & Reparations Disbanded all German land, air, and sea forces All war industries to be dismantled. German economic recovery? Very different views ….

11. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Nuremberg Trials 1945-46 Special international court Charged 22 Nazi leaders with crimes against humanity

12. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Oct 1945 charter ratified to establish the United Nations (UN). Primary purpose = maintain international peace and security Also designed to foster cooperation to solve cultural, economic, and social problems. Former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt would be instrumental in persuading Americans of the importance of the UN.

13. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe

14. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Each permanent member of the Security Council can prevent action by using its veto power.

15. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe The war destroyed many European governments... Changes were happening. Italy abolishes their monarchy and becomes a republic! France has a new constitution in 1946. Soviet Union establishes communist govts in Eastern Europe. Soviet Union establishes communist govts in Eastern Europe.

16. SECTION 1 Aftermath of War in Europe Peace would not be easy. The Allies could not reach agreements. Austria is restored in 1955 but must agree to remain neutral. In the case of Germany, the Allies never reached a final settlement. Germany would be formally divided into West and East Germany – two separate countries.

17. CHAPTER 22