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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War AP History
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1 ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN A Union army of 30,000 men drilled near Washington. I’ll prepared to fight Lincoln called for an attack on the smaller Confederate force @ Bull Run Hopefully, they could take Richmond Read pages 435-436
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1 ST BATTLE OF BULL RUN Significant psychological and political consequences: Victory was worse than defeat for the South. Southern enlistment fell sharply Preparations for a protracted war slackened Defeat was better than victory for the North. Illusions for a short war ended. Started preparing for a prolonged war
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PENINSULA CAMPAIGN 1861- George MacClellan was given command of the Army of the Potomac- Pgs 436-437 Peninsula Campaign-May, 1862 (page 437) MMacClellan and 100,000 troops inched towards Richmond SStonewall Jackson- put Washington DC in jeopardy JJeb Stuart harassed MacClellan Seven Days Battle- June 26, July 2- Lee’s smaller force attacked MacClellan’s troops LLee defeats MacClellan PPage 437
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NEW UNION STRATEGY The Union turns to TOTAL WAR! New Union Strategy: Slowly suffocate the South by blockading its coasts Liberate the slaves- destroy southern economy Take control of the Mississippi, cutting the Confederacy in half Chop the Confederacy to pieces- Take Georgia and the Carolinas Take Richmond Try everywhere to engage the enemy’s main strength and grind it to submission The war at Sea- 438-440
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The Pivotal Point: Antietam Lincoln fired MacClellan and replaced him with General John Pope Lee defeats Pope at the Second Battle of Bull Run- Aug. 1862 Lincoln re-instates MacClellan Robert E. Lee marches his troops into Maryland HHoped to gain foreign recognition SSeduce the border states away from the Union Battle of Antietam- Sept 17, 1862- Single bloodiest day of the war
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MacClellan had found a copy of Lee’s plans Read pages 440-441 MacClellan was again replaced Sept. 23, 1862- Emancipation Proclamation Confederacy lost any chance of gaining foreign support
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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Where he could he would not, and where he would he could not. Its Effects: TThousands of slaves ran away- one in seven SStrengthened the moral cause at home and abroad NNo chance for diplomacy- Fight to the finish OOpposition in the North mounted AAbolitionist- not far enough/Butternut-Border states- went too far SSouth- Outcry of Injustice EEurope- Ultimate doom of slavery- any chance of European aid ended BBLACKS BATTLE BONDAGE- 443-444
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LEE AT GETTYSBURG After Antietam Burnside replace McClellan Dec. 13, 1862- Fredricksburg- Burnside slaughter Pen Hooker replaces Burnside Chancellorsville- May 2-4, 1863- Jackson killed Meade replaces Hooker Lee Prepares to attack Pennsylvania Pages 445-446
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Three Days At Gettysburg Federal Confederate Engaged85-88,00070-75,000 Killed3,1553,903 Wounded, and Mortally Wounded14,52918,735 Missing5,3655,425 Total Losses23,04928,063
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THE WAR IN THE WEST
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THE WAR IN THE WEST Grants first victory came in northern Tennessee BBrought Kentucky more securely into the North Shiloh- April 6-7, 1862 UUnion victory- No quick end to the war in the West RRead Page 448 Spring of 1862- David Farragut takes N.O.
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July 4, 1863- Grant takes Vicksburg SSpinal cord of the Confederacy was now severed News of Vicksburg and Gettysburg reached Washington at the same time LLessened the Northern peace agitation CCaused massive economic pain to the Confederacy DDiplomatic gain
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SHERMAN SCORCHES GEORGIA November, 1863- Grant takes Chattanooga, Tennessee was now in the hands of the Union Lincoln puts Grant in charge of the Army of the Patomac Sherman takes over in the West Sept. 63- Sherman captures Atlanta Nov. 63- Sherman burns Atlanta 1864- March to the Sea- TOTAL WAR
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THE WAR IN THE WEST
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The politics of war Political infighting and factions within his own party threatened his presidency Leading critics of the President- Samuel Chase Resented his expansion of power Called for complete emancipation Northern Democrats Associated with seceders “War Democrats”- Supported the President “Peace Democrats”- Did not support the war “Copperheads”- Openly obstructed the war- Attacked the draft, Lincoln and Emancipation
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ELECTION OF 1864 Republican Party became the Union Party Lincoln fought Chase for the party nomination- Lincoln won fairly easily Lincoln made Andrew Johnson his VP- Why? Democrats nominated General McClellan Read Pages 452-453
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