1. Industrial Revolution Part 2 – Transportation and Communication Revolution
7th Grade History

2. Choo Choo!!! Blah Blah Blah!!!
At the same time that the Industrial Revolution was happening, there was a revolution in transportation and communication.

3. Transportation
1. Repairing Roads – at the time of Industrial Revolution, roads were not well maintained and were rutted causing coach rides to be unbearable.

4. Transportation Private investors began to give money to repair roads
Private roads were called turnpikes – named after medieval revolving devices with sharp pikes on them to keep people from using certain roads – private road in 18th century had gates and guards and you had to pay a toll to use them.
1815 – Scotsman John McAdam devised using crush rock and raising the road bed so that it would drain – popular way to make roads more usable and caused trade to increase and prices to drop.

5. Transportation
2. Canals – British began to widen rivers and cut canals to open up trade in the late 18th century Americans also built canals, built Erie Canal in 1825

6. Transportation
3. Steam Boats – American Robert Fulton who was an inventor who is credited with creating an efficient steamboat and starting steamboat service between important cities.

7. Transportation
Steamboats were important on the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes
Steamboats carried items like lumber and passengers – some became like “floating hotels”
Early steamboats eventually resulted in ocean going steamships and by 1860 companies were offering full regular trips across the Atlantic on steamships.

8. Transportation
4. Railroads – first railway systems in the world developed in Great Britain. Could be used year round even when canals froze.

9. Transportation
George Stephenson – Englishman who was called the “Father of the Railroad” who came from poverty as a child to great wealth when he died in
Influenced in his youth by wooden tramways used in coal mines to pull coal to the docks where it would be shipped out for trade – used animals to pull the cars
Stephenson developed a steam locomotive for pulling “railroad cars” in 1814

10. Transportation
Companies began building tramways between cities but used animals to pull the cars – instead decided to use locomotives – held a race at a place called “Rain hill”
George Stephenson’s Rocket won the race – the Rocket could pull passengers at a rate of 24 miles per hour and pull freight at a rate of 12.5 miles per hour.

11. Transportation
Railroads became popular in the United States due to the sheer size of the country
By 1840, there were more than 3,000 miles of track in the eastern portion of the US
By 1860, they were discussing a railroad that would stretch to the Pacific Coast (eventually called the Transcontinental Railroad)

12. Transportation

13. Transportation
The Northeastern portion of the US became the center of industrialization and railroads connected it to the rest of the country.
Railroads were essential in the United States Civil war for delivering troops and supplies.

14. Communication
The beginnings of global communication started during the Industrial Revolution time period.

15. Communication
Samuel Morse – an American inventor who created an efficient telegraph and also marketed it well with his communication system called Morse Code.

16. Communication
The word “telegraph” comes from two Greek words meaning “far” and “to write”
The telegraph allowed people to talk back and forth across continents and respond to people immediately – this was literally the first form of s or text messages
Morse patented his telegraph in 1837

17. Communication
By 1861, telegraph lines stretched across the United States to the west coast
In 1866, telegraph cable was laid across the Atlantic Ocean allowing communication with Europe
By 1870, Britain had laid a telegraph cable to India – people could literally communicate worldwide!

18. Abraham Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States credited with signing the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 to free the slaves in the South and who was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C. in April 1865

19. The Lincoln Telegrams
President Lincoln used the telegraph to handle all types of business during the Civil War including arranging dinner meetings, suspending executions of certain people, communicating with generals and politicians throughout the country, and the release of certain prisoners of war.

20. The American Civil War Called the first modern war =
Factories mass produced guns, bullets, uniforms
Trains moved troops and equipment from battlefield to battlefield
Created new weapons like submarines, guns that fired more quickly, new artillery
Concept of “total war” – go all out to defeat the enemy – destroy crops, uproot railroads, bomb cities, destroy societies
Reporters and newspapers widely covered the war – telegraph allowed news to travel fast!
Photographs from the battles – everyday people could see what war really was like

21. The American Civil War
Resulted in 13th Amendment which outlawed slavery in the US and 15th Amendment gave black men the right to vote