1. 1

2. user1 man lscpshtarvi bin libsbinsharelocalcontrib vue mail tmpvue grouppasswdprofile vmunix news user2 //// sbinusrdevetcoptvarstandtmphome 2

3. / tmp F1 usr bin mancplsvi home memo user1user2user3 F1 4 2 1 3 3  Absolute Pathname – The name of a file or directory with respect to the root (/) directory  Relative Pathname – The name of a file or directory with respect to the user’s present working directory (pwd)

4. pwdDisplays the directory name of your current location in the hierarchy lsSees what files and directories are under the current directory cdChanges your location in the hierarchy to another directory mkdirCreates a directory rmdirRemoves a directory touchCreates an empty file rmRemoves a file mvMove or Rename a file 4 of 172

5.  pwd – Command that tells your present working directory  Example: $ pwd /home/user3 / home memo user1user2user3 F1 You are here 5

6.  ls – Command used to list the names of files and directories  Example: $ ls f1 f2 memo $ ls –F F1 F2* memo/ $ ls –aF.profile F1 F2* memo/ $ ls memo F1 F2 / home memo user1user2user3 F1 F2.profileF1 F2 6

7. cd – Command that will allow you to change directory, and move to some other location in the hierarchy Example: $ pwd /home/user3 $ cd memo; pwd /home/user3/memo $ cd../.. ; pwd /home $ cd /tmp; pwd /tmp / home memo user1user2user3 F1 F2.profileF1 F2 tmp F1 7

8. $ pwd /home/user3 $ mkdir fruit $ mkdir fruit/apple $ cd fruit $ mkdir grape orange  mkdir – Command that will allow you to make a directory  Example: / home memo user1user2user3 F1 F2.profileF1 F2 fruit appleorangegrape 8

9.  rmdir – Command used to remove directories  Example $ rmdir orange $ cd.. $ rmdir fruit rmdir: fruit not empty / home memo user1user2user3 F1 F2.profileF1 F2 fruit appleorangegrape $ rmdir fruit/apple fruit/grape fruit 9

10.  Example $ pwd /home/user3/fruit $ touch kiwi $ ls apple grape orange kiwi / home memo user1user2user3 F1 F2.profileF1 F2 fruit apple orangegrape 10 kiwi

11. 11

12. 12