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Late Medieval Europe (ca )

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Presentation on theme: "Late Medieval Europe (ca )"— Presentation transcript:

1 Late Medieval Europe (ca. 1300-1500)

2 The Church Limits of Papal Power
King Philip of France needed money  taxed French clergy Boniface VIII (r ) protested King’s response: economic pressure  Boniface backed down Philip arrested bishop for treason Boniface outraged! King’s agents invaded papal palace Boniface died soon after, humiliated Papacy now weaker than monarchs Pope Boniface VIII

3 Church of S. Francesca Romana, Rome
The Church The “Babylonian Captivity” ( ) French pope elected to papacy Moved to Avignon (1309) Near to, influenced by, France French popes Reports of corruption Almost 70 years! Many were unhappy Avignon a “Babylon”! Visionaries Papacy returned to Rome (1377) Tomb of Pope Gregory XI, Church of S. Francesca Romana, Rome

4 The Church The Great Western Schism (1378-1417)
Returning pope died (1378) Turbulent election  new, Italian pope Became zealous reformer French cardinals unhappy  elected another pope! Schism Two popes! Then three popes! Europe divided  spiritual and political crisis! Resolution: Council of Constance ( ) Three rival popes deposed  Martin V elected

5 The Church Questions?

6 Society The Socioeconomic Situation
Population growth  overpopulation (14th cent.) Less land to cultivate Wages decreased Famines

7 Society The Black Death (1347-1350)
Deadliest disaster of Late Middle Ages Traits of the Plague Epidemic Spread rapidly, contagious Noticeable, painful symptoms Very quick death

8 Society The Black Death Origins Arrival in Europe
In China  traveled westward along trade routes Carried by fleas on infected rats Arrival in Europe Spread from Mediterranean ports to rest of Europe

9 Society The Black Death Cause? Why??? Aftermath
Death of approx. 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe’s population Obsession with death “Dance of death” Recurred until 18th cent.

10 Society Questions?

11 Politics and War The Hundred Years War (1337-1453): Causes
Last Capetian monarch died (1328) – who succeeds? English king was a relation Philip VI elected by French nobility Neither candidate conceded claims  war! English claims to French lands

12 Politics and War The War: Initial English Success Strategy of raids
Employed new technology Longbows Cannons Made territorial gains English king gained place as heir to throne (1420) Battle of Créçy (1346)

13 Politics and War

14 Politics and War France Strikes Back JOAN OF ARC (1412-1431)
Teenage peasant, mystic Claimed mission from God (1428) Had to join French army Would lift siege at Orléans Would see French heir crowned France rebounded Joan captured, sold to English  burned at stake (May 1431) Siege of Orléans

15 Politics and War Ultimate French Victory Northern France reconquered
English driven out by 1453

16 Politics and War Developments in High medieval Spain
Muslim power weakened Christian princes seized opportunity RECONQUISTA Christian reconquest of Islamic Spain Launched during 11th century Intermittent Successful! Result: Christian Iberian states emerging

17 Politics and War Spain under Ferdinand & Isabella
Unified Spanish crown Ferdinand: heir of Aragon, Catalonia Isabella: heir of Castile Married (1469) Completed Reconquista (1492) Ferdinand and Isabella

18 Politics and War

19 Politics and War Religion under Ferdinand and Isabella
Fervent Catholicism Expulsions Muslims (1504) Jews (1492) Must convert or leave! Jewish converts (conversos) treated suspiciously, resented SPANISH INQUISITION (1478) Tool of State Principal goal: attack “judaizing” traditions among conversos Ferdinand and Isabella

20 Politics and War Questions?

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