2. Hubble clarity Groundbased… Hubble…

3. Outline Dissecting nearby galaxies Studying galaxies when they were young What makes sense, and what doesn’t?

4. Movie – 030651b

5. Dissecting nearby galaxies Star by star

9. Movie – supermovie

25. zoom2

26. Brown et al. 2003, ApJ, 592, L17

31. SFR with 2 distinct pops

32. Movie – 2002-09-a-low

33. Movie – movie_mred3hr

39. Studying galaxies when the universe was young…

40. Where’s the kaboom? There was supposed to be an earth-shattering kaboom!

41. Spectra Wavelength Brightness Redshift

42. Vesto Slipher Galaxies are generally receding Edwin Hubble …in proportion to their distance from us

46. The best things take time… 6 hours200 hours

50. Distant star-forming galaxies can be identified by a characteristic “spectral break” due to hydrogen. Color Selection of Distant Galaxies

52. Age vs. redshift HDF spectroscopicall y confirmed sample: –Sample spans 1.5 billion years, yet we see no evidence of aging.

54. Implications for Galaxy Evolution Dickinson, Papovich, Ferguson, & Budavari 2003 GOODS; Papovich et al. 2004

55. Stars, as a fraction of the universe Fraction of the universe in stars Redshift Wilkins, Trentham & Hopkins 2008 21.62.5364578913.7 1 Age of the universe (in billions of years)

56. Number of stars formed per year Redshift Cosmic star-formation rate Wilkins, Trentham & Hopkins 2008 21.62.5364578913.7

58. Things that hold together Galaxies appear to be built up via hierarchical merging This is broadly consistent with theoretical models. Worries Where do the stars that formed 10 billion years ago end up, today? Are galaxies ageing in the way they ought to? Are there too many old galaxies when the universe was young?

59. Coming attractions

60. Wild Field Planetary Camera 2 COSTAR Gyros Solar Arrays Launch! Imaging Spectrograph Near Infrared Camera Fine Guidance Sensor Gyros Advanced Computer Fine Guidance Sensor Advanced Camera Solar Arrays Power Control Unit NICMOS Cooling System Cosmic Origins Spectrograph Wide Field Camera 3 Fine Guidance Sensor Aft Shroud Cooling System Batteries Gyros SM1 SM2 SM3A SM3B SM4 De-Orbit Mission HUBBLE MISSIONS 1990199319971999200220062010 051304_MW_HSTRoboticConcept.ppt 60

62. Adding WFC3 Capabilities –Imaging from 2000 Å to 1.7  m –Slitless spectroscopy Huge improvement in near-UV, near-IR imaging WFC3 UV/Optical Discovery Space Near-IR Discovery Space Ultraviolet Near-IR

63. COS

64. James Webb Space Telescope 2013