1. From observation we can make generalizations about human nature
and behavior.

2. Methods of Observation
Surveys
Target population
Samples
Random samples
Stratified samples
Accuracy??
Generalizing Results
Volunteer Bias

3. Naturalistic Observation Laboratory
Testing
Types
Case-Study
In-depth (individuals or groups)
Generalization, Replication, Recollection
Longitudinal
Change/develop over time (expense, risk?)
Cross-sectional (reliability?)
Naturalistic Observation
Field Study
Laboratory
Control the environment

4. Correlation
Correlation is the measure of how one thing is related to another.
Positive Correlation – one goes up, so does the other
Negative Correlation – one goes up, the other goes down
CORRELATION does not necessarily mean CAUSATION.

5. The Experimental Method
Experiments – Used by researchers to answer questions about cause and effect.
Variables -
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Groups
Experimental Group
Control Group
Placebo Effect
Studies
Single-Blind
Double-Blind