1. Ways of the World: A Brief Global History First Edition CHAPTER 19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan 1800–1914 Copyright © 2009 by Bedford/St. Martin’s Robert W. Strayer

2. The External Challenge: European Industry and Empire New Motives, New Means New Perceptions of the “Other”

3. Reversal of Fortune: China’s Century of Crisis The Crisis Within Western Pressures The Failure of Conservative Modernization

4. The Ottoman Empire and the West in the Nineteenth Century “The Sick Man of Europe” Reform Identity Outcomes: Comparing China and the Ottoman Empire

5. The Japanese Difference: The Rise of a New East Asian Power The Tokugawa Background American Intrusion and the Meiji Restoration Modernization Japanese Style Japan and the World

6. Chapter 19 Internal Troubles, External Threats: China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan, 1800–1914 Map 19.1 China and the World in the Nineteenth Century (p. 569) Map 19.2 The Contraction of the Ottoman Empire (p. 572) Map 19.3 The Rise of Japan (p. 585) Carving Up the Pie of China (p. 558) The Gatling Gun (p. 562) European Racial Images (p. 564) Addiction to Opium (p. 568) The Ottoman Empire and the West (p. 574) The “Opening” of Japan (p. 580) Japan’s Modernization (p. 583)