2. 1 Section 7-2 Inside the Eukaryotic Cell

3. 2 Three Major Parts 1. Cell Membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. Nucleus

4. 3 Is a thin, flexible barrier around the cell Controls what enters and exits a cell (selectively permeable) Made of proteins and 2 layers of lipids (bilayer) Cell Membrane

5. 4 Part of cell outside the nucleus Clear, jelly-like material within cell membrane Liquid environment for chemical reactions to take place Allows for movement within the cell Cytoplasm

6. 5 Controls most cell processes Contains DNA (genetic material) -DNA found in chromatin Chromatin = granular material seen in nucleus Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes (control traits) Nucleus: The Control Center

7. 6 Nucleolus Is a small dense region in the nucleusIs a small dense region in the nucleus Makes ribosomes, which make proteinsMakes ribosomes, which make proteins

8. 7 Surrounds the nucleus Has nuclear pores that allow material to move into and out of the nucleus Nuclear Envelope

9. 8 Organelles = “little organs” Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

10. 9 Plant Cell Animal Cell Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole

11. 10

12. 11 Ribosomes Make proteins = protein factories of the cell Found on rough endoplasmic reticulum

13. 12 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes -Has enzymes used to make lipids and detoxify drugs Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface that make proteins, which are sent out of the cell Is an internal membrane transport system

14. 13 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (continued)

15. 14 Golgi Apparatus Stack of flattened membranes (like pancakes)Stack of flattened membranes (like pancakes) Modify, sort, and package proteins made by the rough ERModify, sort, and package proteins made by the rough ER -attach carbohydrates & lipids to proteins -attach carbohydrates & lipids to proteins Aid in secretionsAid in secretions -transport vesicle pinch off ends -transport vesicle pinch off ends Transport vesicle

16. 15 Golgi Apparatus (continued)

17. 16 Lysosomes = Cleanup Crew Filled with digestive enzymesFilled with digestive enzymes Break down food into useful particlesBreak down food into useful particles Also break down worn- out cell organellesAlso break down worn- out cell organelles

18. 17 Vacuoles Storage spaces within cells Hold either food or water Usually small in animal cells

19. 18 Convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Have inner and outer membranes Have own DNA = organelle DNA Mitochondria: Cell Powerhouse

20. 19

21. 20 Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape. -Also involved in movement Principle protein filaments –Microfilaments –Microtubules

22. 21 Microfilaments / Microtubules Microfilaments made of protein called actin –Used for movement Microtubules made of protein called tubulin –Maintain cell shape –Important in cell division

23. 22 ProkaryotesEukaryotes Ribosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm Contain DNA Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Animal CellsPlant Cells Centrioles Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts Venn Diagrams

24. 23 Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Cytoskeleton

25. 24 Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached) Animal Cell Structure