1. Superconducting Technologies for the Next Generation of Accelerators CERN, Globe of Science and Innovation 4-5 December Superconducting Links for the Hi-Lumi Upgrades A.Ballarino CERN, European Center for Nuclear Research, Geneva Switzerland

2.  Application of SC links to the LHC machine  Modifications to the LHC powering layout  R&D Activity at CERN  Plan for future activities  Conclusions Outline A. Ballarino

3. Powering Sector  To limit the stored energy within one electrical circuit, the LHC is powered by sectors  The main dipole circuits are split into 8 sectors to bring down the stored energy to ~1 GJ/sector  Each sector (~2.9 km) includes 154 dipole magnets (powered in series) and ~50 quadrupoles  3.4 MA, > 3000 Current Leads,  1500 Electrical Circuits Powering of LHC Machine A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

4. In tunnel alcoves LHC Tunnel A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

5. DFB in the tunnel at P1 L A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

6. Room temperature Cryogenic environment Tunnel Cold powering system: 1) Current leads in a distribution cryostat (near the power converters); 2) Vertical electrical transfer (link); 3)Horizontal electrical transfer (link); 4) Cryogenic fluid supply and control; 5) Interconnection to the magnets bus system; 6) Protection of link and current leads. Cryostats for current leads; Interconnection cryostats; Current leads; Superconducting cables; Cryostats for cables LTS HTS GHe

7. Powering via superconducting links and remote power converters  removal of  Free space in the beam areas;  Safer long-term operation of powering equipment located in radiation- free environment;  Safer and easier access of personnel to power converters, leads and control equipment;  Reduced time of interventions (maintenance, repair, diagnostic and routine tests) →  Gain in machine availability Rationale A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

8. Where in the LHC ? P1 P5 P7 A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

9. Current Leads and Power Converters ~ 250 m 48 cables rated at 600 A per link Two links each about 500 m long P7: Underground Installation A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

10. A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators P7: Integration in LHC Tunnel J. P. Corso

11. PM 15 PM 54 DFBXF (UJ56) DFBXE (RZ54) DFBXA (UJ13) DFBXB (UJ16) P1 and P5: Surface Installation A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

12. Y. Muttoni J.P. Corso Point 5 P1 and P5: Surface Installation A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

13. 2  100-190 kA P1 and P5: Surface Installation A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

14. Requirements Total currents to be transferred: up to  190 kA DC per line (multi- cable assemblies) Length: from a minimum of about 200 m to a maximum of about 500 m - with a significant vertical transfer for the locations where the power converters are to be located at the surface A. Ballarino, Proceed. ASC 2010 A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

15. MgB 2, YBCO and Bi-2223 MgB 2 : good electrical properties at low field and T ≤ 25 K, low cost YBCO : superior mechanical properties, higher operating temperature BSCCO 2223: well known conductor, higher operating temperature Conductors A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

16.  (mm) W (mm) Th (mm) Tmax (K) Ic (‡) (A) (†) MgB 2 wire< 1--25≥ 400 MgB 2 tape-3.70.6725≥ 400 YBCOtape-40.135≥ 400 BSCCO 2223tape-40.235≥ 400 (†) bending radius R B ≤ 80 mm (‡) at applied field B ≤ 0.5 T Conductors Specification A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators Reacted wires

17. Current Ratings and Conductor Needs Number of links and quantity of conductor: 2 at LHC P7 Itot  30 kA/link 50 cables rated at 600 A 4 at LHC P1 4 at LHC P5 Itot up to 190 kA/link Up to 50 cables rated at 600 A, 6000 A, 20000 A  150 km of conductor  850 km of conductor Ltot  1000 km of conductor for series production A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

18. A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators On-going and past development of HTS cables for electrical transmission: 1) AC cables for operation in the network 2) First and second generation HTS conductors 3) LN 2 operation 4) Cables operated at max. up to about 3500 A max 5) One or there cables in the cryogenic envelope 6) Horizontal transfer 7) High-voltage SC links for the LHC machine: 1) Quasi-DC operation 2) Study of MgB 2 potentials 3) GHe operation 4) Cables operated at up to 20 kA 5) Multi-cable (  50 high-current cable) assemblies 6) Horizontal + Vertical (  80 m) transfer 7) 1.5 kV – 2 kV electrical insulation Φ = 62 mm 120 kA @ 30 K

19. Cable Development (1 kA range) Twisted-pair cables made from tapes A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

20. MgB 2 Bi-2223 YBCO Measurements performed on cable lengths of 2 m 4.2 K Self-field + 600 A- 600 A  5.6 mm Cable Development (1 kA range) A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

21.  = 40 25 × 2 × 600 A (2 × 15 kA) @ 35 K MgB 2 @ 65 K (YBCO and Bi-2223) 30 kA  2 kg/m  150 m HTS /m cable Multi-Cable Assembly A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

22. Cabling machines for long-lengths of twisted-pair cables A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

23.  = 75  = 15.5 3 × 6 kA 27 cables 6000 A 48 cables 600 A Itot = 190 kA @ 20 K (  2 × 95 kA)  7 kg/m  900 m HTS /m cable  =70 24 × 6000 A 42 × 600 A Itot = 169 kA & 20 K (  2 × 84.5 kA) High-Current Cables A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

24. Refrigerator: 6 kW @ 4.5 K (18 kW for test of LHC magnets) 25 000 LHe Dewar Test Station at CERN (SM-18 Laboratory) Prévessin, French CERN site

25. CERN Test Station RT LHe 4.5 K GHe Tv m ≤ 10 g/s (p  1.5 bar) 5 K ≤ Tv ≤ 70 K I up to 20 kA Nb-Ti Bi-2223 (Tc  70 K) MgB 2 or HTS cables LHe (4.5 K) GHe (Tv) A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

26. CERN Test Station A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

27. 20-m Long Nexans Transfer Line Nexans Semi-Flexible Cryostat A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

28. H  4 m A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

29. CERN Test Station Commissioning: November 2012 A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

30. 2013 2022 2018 HTS Links in LHC P7 HTS Links in LHC Hi-Lumi P1 and P5 Timeline 2017 2016 20152014 Test of horizontal lines Test of vertical lines 2011 - 2012: Qualification of conductor 2013-mid 2014: Test of 20 m horizontal lines 2014-mid 2015: Test of 60 m horizontal lines 2016 - 2017: Test of vertical lines (LHC shaft)  500 km of conductor to be procured for prototype activity (mid 2013- 2016) + 1000 km of conductor for the series production A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

31. Task 1 Coordination CERN/INFN Task 2 Cryogenics CERN Task 3 Electr. Transf. Cryostat Univ. South Task 4 Energy Dep. Material INFN Hi-Lumi FP7 WP6 Design study CERN activity Design study IntegrationCivil engineering Interfaces (mech, vacuum, electr) VacuumSC cables/SC linkCryostat of SC linkCurrent leadsProtection CERN activity - Prototypes construction - Cryostat - Prototypes test - System design - Series specification - Series construction - Integration - Operation Fluka team

32. Conclusions Superconducting links: potential application of MgB 2 or HTS to the LHC machine. This is a viable target for a medium scale application of HTS material in its present state of development. It requires the supply of significant lengths of material (> 1000 km) to a user specification In addition to the MgB 2 and/or HTS SC cables, other technologies are required for the superconducting link project: HTS current leads, cryostats for the leads and for electrical interconnections, and cryogenic envelopes for the superconducting cables A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators

33. Thanks for your attention ! A. Ballarino SC Technologies for Next Generation Accelerators