1. Enforcement of the Provisions of the Treaties and US isolationism

3.  German resentment  Anglo-American guarantee to France did not materialise as the Senate opposed it.  League of nations was not a success as US did not join it.  USSR followed a policy of isolation  Italy was unhappy as it did not gain as many territories as it had expected.  Japan was not interested.

4.  She wanted to avoid military and diplomatic conflicts in the interwar period as she was facing resistance movements in her colonies.  WWI resulted in a considerable reduction in her armed forces and she cut upon her military spending in the inter-war years giving more attention to building its economy thus did not want to get into any conflict.

5.  The British public and politicians were determined to avoid any future war after a great deal of suffering of WWI

6.  France’s stance on enforcing the Peace Treaties  US’s Open Door Policy towards China

7.  US did not join the League of Nations  US did not honour the military assistance to France  Opposition in the Senate to US being a member of the League of Nations as it would be acting as a policeman and the League would rely heavily on US for the enforcement of the treaties

8.  The Republican party was nursing many real and imagined grudges against Wilson and his administration. They viewed him as a liar who had lied to get us into the war Post war a wave of discontent had begun to rise in America also as the peace process at Versailles looked less and less likely to maintain future peace.It just looked to many Americans as the same old carving up of the spoils. Major ethnic groups in the US, especially the German-Americans with affection for their old Central Power homeland and the Irish- Americans with their hatred for England, were also upset with Wilson's inability to hold the winners to the idealism of his fourteen points. The Republican party cleverly rode this wave of discontent and hit Wilson where it would hurt...his idealistic hope for a League of Nations. Using a variety of procedural attacks they defeated the Treaty in the Senate.

9.  Many Senators were concerned that joining the League of Nations would compromise the sovereignty of the United States. For example, Article X of the League Covenant obligated member nations to defend the territorial integrity of league members. So, if one league member attacked another, in some dispute that had nothing to do with the Untied States or its interests, could the League Council order the United States to participate in the conflict, even if Congress did not approve?

10.  To protect the United States from getting involved in useless wars like that, many Senators (led by Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts) proposed "reservations," or amendments, to the treaty, that would make clear that the United States was not obligated to get involved in any war unless the war was approved by the Congress of the United States. Other reservations were proposed that would preserve the sovereignty of the United States. Under the Constitution, the treaty had to be approved by a two-thirds vote

11.  In 1921, after Wilson left office, and when Warren Harding was President, the United States and Germany signed a separate treaty, formally ending the state of war. Under that treaty, the United States obtained all the rights and benefits it would have had under the Treaty of Versailles, but none of the obligations (such as having to join or be subject to the League of Nations).

12.  During the 1920s, American foreign affairs took a back seat. In addition, America tended to insulate itself in terms of trade. Tariffs were imposed on foreign goods to shield U.S. manufacturers.Tariffs

13.  America turned its back on Europe by restricting the number of immigrants permitted into the country. Until World War I, millions of people, mostly from Europe, had come to America to seek their fortune and perhaps flee poverty and persecution. Britons and Irishmen, Germans and Jews constituted the biggest groups. In 1921 the relatively liberal policy ended and quotas were introduced. By 1929 only 150,000 immigrants per year were allowed in

14.  Presentation on London Naval Conference(1930, 1935-36) and the Geneva Disarmament Conference (1932- 34)