2. 11-15-10 Word: Barbarian Dictionary Definition: A person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized person. History Definition: A person not living in a Christian country or within a Christian civilization. Question: Using both definitions, draw a picture of what you think a Barbarian looks like and write a two sentence explanation of why drew a Barbarian the way you did.

3. Barbarians! Follow these steps… 1.Take 1 minute to just look at this picture. 2.Take 3 minutes write a 3 sentence description of what you see. 3.Take 3 minutes to compare and contrast (VD?) your drawing of a Barbarian to this picture.

4. Today’s Geography Activity Today we will be looking at the invasion of Europe by many groups of people. Follow these steps to earn your points: 1.Copy the map from textbook page 292 on computer paper. Label all continents, countries, and cities. 2.USING COLOR draw in the arrows of invasion and where they originated…consult the key in the upper left corner for help. 3.Add a key of your own. You must have 3 groups of invaders and 3 different colors. (Can be different from textbook.)

5. 11-15-10 Bell Work: Answer the following questions in your notebook. 1.What project did we start in class on Wednesday? 2.How many points is it worth? Check rubric! 3.What are the 4 requirements for this project? (A-E on rubric???) 4.Which of the 4 do I have complete and which 4 do I still need to complete?

6. 11-16-10 Word: Charlemagne (“Charles the Great”) Def: Charlemagne was king of France in the late eighth and early ninth centuries and was crowned emperor in 800. Question: Read the section titled, “Intellectual Renewal” on page 290 of your textbook. What was Charlemagne’s main contribution to the society he lived in? Why should he be studied in history classes today?

7. Charlemagne 600 & 700’s, Frankish kings lost their power to the chief officers of the king’s household = mayor’s of the palace Pepin assumed the kingship Pepin’s son became king after his death in 768 = son was Charles the Great – Charlemagne Charlemagne = one of history’s great kings/ curious, driven, intelligent, strong warrior, devout Christian/ was illiterate, but strongly supported learning Ruled from 768 to 814/ Expanded the Frankish kingdom into Carolingian empire = covered much of western & central Europe

9. Charlemagne 800, he was crowned emperor of the Romans/ the coronation symbolized the coming together of the Roman, Christian, & Germanic elements that forged European civilization Carolingian Renaissance was promoted by Charlemagne desire to promote learning Benedictine monks played important role in revival of learning

10. Fall of Carolingian empire Charlemagne died in 814/ by 844 Carolingian empire divided into 3 kingdoms by grandsons Muslims invaded southern France Magyars settled on the plains of Hungary Vikings (Norsemen of Scandinavia) attacked the empire Vikings were superb warriors & shipbuilders/ famed dragon ships carrying about 50 men could go shallow rivers to attack inland 9 th century, Vikings settled in Europe 911, Frankish king gave Vikings land of Normandy

12. Tuesday’s Activity Charlemagne is remembered for his curiousness and desire to learn. He valued education immensely. Your job is to create a new subject in education. Here are the guidelines: 1.MUST BE SCHOOL APPROPRIATE. 2.On notebook paper, list the 5W’s of your new subject. Be sure to explain each of them! 3.Draw 3 things that are necessary for students to have in order to learn your new subject (books, computer, other equipment, etc.) 4.Draw a classroom where your subject will be taught…how does it differ from a “normal” classroom?

13. 11-17-10 Word: Feudalism Def: Please use textbook. Question: Imagine you live in a society that is constantly at war and you never know when your village will be invaded or attacked. – Would you be willing to work long hours doing physical labor (farming, carpentry, housework, etc.) and your only compensation would be protection? Why or why not? Explain your answer in at least 3 complete sentences.

14. Feudalism Invaders posed a threat to the safety of the people due to decentralized government People began to turn to landed aristocrats or nobles for protection/ led to feudalism Feudalism arose between 800-900/ similar system in Japan- Samurai Vassalage = center of feudalism/ came from Germanic society where warriors swore oath to their leader Vassal = man who served a lord militarily

15. Feudalism: Military Service for Land

16. Feudalism Knights = heavily armored warriors Heavily armored knights dominated warfare for over 500 years Knights had great prestige & formed much of European aristocracy Early Middle Ages (500-1000) wealth was based on owning land/very little trade Nobles gave a piece of land to vassals in exchange for fighting = fief

18. Feudalism Vassals had political authority in their fief/in charge of keeping order Feudalism became complicated = kings had vassals who had vassals Feudal contract = unwritten rules that characterized feudalism/relationship between king & vassal/knights for about 40-60 days a year Vassals were to advise the lord, financial obligations to the lord, knighting of his eldest son, Lord supported the vassal with land grant & protection in military & court

19. Feudal Obligations Vassals: Military service for 40- 60 days. Homage. Serve on the lord’s court. Gifts for weddings and knighthoods. Ransom. Lords: Protection. Justice. Wardship – oversee personal affairs and family if vassal dies in service.

20. Feudalism Castles = permanent residences & fortresses/#’s increased in high middle ages(1000-1300) Middle Ages = nobles dominated European society/ main concern was warfare Nobles = kings, dukes, counts, barons, bishops, archbishops Knighthood = united lords & knights in aristocracy Knights = trained as warriors/ no adult responsibility Young knights held tournaments to show their skills/ joust became main attraction

22. Wednesday’s Activity Today you are all Feudal Lords. Here are your tasks to complete for today: 1.Design your castle. Be sure to give it a name. See picture for examples. 2.You need to include on your land (draw and label): 3 crops, knight residences, vassal residences, and serf residences. 3.Write a 5-7 sentence paragraph advertising your castle to people who are seeking protection in return for work. Why should they choose your castle over other Feudal lords?

23. 11-18-10 Word: Justinian (person) Def: Please use textbook page 304 and write your own definition of this person. Question: Read the section labeled, “The Reign of Justinian” on pages 303-304 and answer the following question: – What was Justinian’s most important contribution and what was this contribution the basis of in the Eastern Roman Empire?

24. Byzantine Empire Both a Greek & Christian state Greek replaced Latin as the official language Christian church became known as Eastern Orthodox Church Byzantine emperor controlled the church & the state Emperor appointed the head of the church Government & religious officials were all bound together in the service of a spiritual ideal

26. Life in Constantinople Largest city in Europe in the Middle Ages Based on trade until the 12 th century/ Europe’s greatest center of Commerce During Justinian’s reign, silkworms were smuggled from China to begin a silk industry Hagia Sophia = church of Holy Wisdom Hippodrome = arena where gladiator fights & chariot races were held

27. Constantinople

28. Hagia Sophia

29. Byzantine Empire Macedonians ruled the Byzantine Empire from 876- 1081 Macedonians expanded the empire Expanded trade relations w/ Western Europe Late 11 th century = lot of political & social disorder

30. Byzantine Art: Mosaics and Illuminated Manuscripts

31. Thursday’s Activity Make a graphic organizer…see white board for template. Put Byzantine Empire in the center bubble. On the outer 6 bubbles list and explain, six contributions that the Byzantine Empire had on society. Be sure to explain each contribution in at lest 2 complete sentences!!!

32. 11-19-10 Word: Crusades Def: Please use textbook. Question: If you were to lead a Crusade, what would you try to regain or take back? Explain your answer in at least 3 complete sentences.

33. Crusades 11 th & 13 th centuries, European Christians carried out a series of military expeditions to take back the holy land from the Muslims Seljuk Turks won the battle of Manzikert & threatened Constantinople Crusades began when Pope Urban II responded to the request of Alexius I to liberate Jerusalem & Palestine Urban II called for crusades @ infidels Infidels were the non believers = Muslims, Jews

35. First Crusades Mostly French knights = captured Antioch in 1098 & Jerusalem in 1099 Massacred Muslim & Jewish inhabitants 4 Latin Crusader states were established that lasted 100 years 1120’s, Muslims began to strike back which led to another Crusade

37. 2 nd Crusade The fall of a Latin Kingdom led to the call of another crusade Saint Bernard of Clairvaux called for the crusade & got the support of King Louis VII of France & Conrad III of Germany 2 nd Crusade was a total failure 1187, Jerusalem fell to Saladin 3 important rulers then agreed to begin a third Crusade

38. Louis VII and Conrad III Respond To Bernard of Clairvaux’s Call For a Second Crusade

39. 3 rd Crusade Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, Richard I (Richard the Lionhearted) of England, Phillip II of Augustus of France Members of the 3 rd arrived in the East by 1189 & encountered problems Barbarossa drowned while swimming in a river English & French had success with their naval fleets against coastal cities, but failed as they moved inland Richard I negotiated a settlement with Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

40. Saladin’s Capture of Jerusalem Sparked the Third Crusade

41. 4 th Crusade 6 years after the death of Saladin in 1193, Pope Innocent III initiated the 4 th crusade On their way to the East became involved a conflict with the Byzantine Empire over the succession to the Byzantine throne Crusaders diverted to Constantinople & sacked the city in 1204/ Byzantine empire was reestablished in 1261 but was never as powerful Ottoman Turks eventually conquered Byzantine 190 years later

42. Results of the Crusades Increased wealth of Italian city-states like Genoa and Venice. Began Jewish persecution and genocide. Started the breakdown of feudalism and an increase in the power of kings. Improved technology such as better ships and maps, and skills in siege techniques and weapons.

43. Crusading Kitty

44. Friday’s Activity Today’s activity is very easy. On your notebook paper you will summarize the four crusades plus the Children’s crusades. Who led them, what happened.