1. Lori Evans Herman Lab Institute of Molecular Biology University of Oregon SPUR Program Using Drosophila to investigate axon targeting

2. Brain wiring is complicated ZOOM IN on: randomly labeled neurons a human brain

3. Brain wiring is organized into layers a human brain

4. Brain wiring is organized into layers a human brain How do neurons grow and connect during development?

5. Each neuron extends its axon to seek its target cell body growth cone axon

6. Each neuron extends its axon to seek its target cell body growth cone axon How can we study axon target selection?

7. Drosophila photoreceptor axons go to different brain layers Fly eye ~ 800 ommatidia (facets) 8 7 Ommatidium 8 neurons Targets in the fly brain

8. Drosophila photoreceptor axons go to different brain layers Fly eye ~ 800 ommatidia (facets) 8 7 Ommatidium 8 neurons Targets in the fly brain What does the fly visual system really look like?

9. Drosophila photoreceptor axons go to different brain layers 8 7 R8 R7 R8 R7 lamina medulla

10. Drosophila photoreceptor axons go to different brain layers 8 7 R8 R7 R8 R7 lamina medulla How can we identify genes required for R7 axons to choose the R7 target layer?

11. We look for mutations that disrupt R7 axons R7s are m/m m/+ R8 R7 We use mosaic animals Wild type R7s

12. 5-2 mutant R7s send axons to the wrong layer R8 R7 GFP MAb24B10 wild type R7s 5-2 mutant R7s Adult Phenotype

13. 5-2 mutant R7s send axons to wrong layer R8 R7 GFP MAb24B10 wild type R7s 5-2 mutant R7s My main question of interest: What gene does the 5-2 mutation disrupt?

14. 5-2 mutation is on 3R chromosome XX in ♀XY in ♂or 2L 2R3L3R 4 1 23

15. 5-2 mutation is on 3R chromosome or 2L 2R3L3R 4 1 23 How can we determine where the 5-2 mutation is on the 3R chromosome? XX in ♀XY in ♂

16. We used two methods to map the 5-2 mutation Deficiency Mapping Recombination Mapping

17. Deficiency kit with deletions of 3R chromosome used to map 5-2 Deficiency Kit for 3R Chromosome ? 5-2 mutant

18. Deficiency kit with deletions of 3R chromosome used to map 5-2 Deficiency Kit for 3R Chromosome What is complementation testing? ? 5-2 mutant

19. 5-2 failed to complement Df #5414 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df #5414 dead alive dead 5-2 mutant

20. Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df #5414 dead alive dead 5-2 mutant ? ? ? Gaps exist along the 3R chromosome

21. 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df 5-2 mutant Df #5414 dead alive dead 5-2 mutant Gaps exist along the 3R chromosome

22. We can use recombination to test whether or not this lethal mutation causes the R7 phenotype cu sr e ca sr e ca ca e ca sr e

23. We can use recombination to test whether or not this lethal mutation causes the R7 phenotype cu sr e ca sr e ca ca e ca sr e

24. We can use recombination to test whether or not this lethal mutation causes the R7 phenotype cu sr e ca sr e ca ca e ca sr e How did I create recombinant chromosomes?

25. I set up several generations of crosses ru cu ca 5-2 TM 3 5-2 ru cu ca ru Pr ca recomb (5-2) ru Pr ca D ; TM 3 D ; TM 6B D ; recomb (5-2) Y ; TM 6B D ; TM 3 D ; TM 6B D ; recomb (5-2) Y ; TM 6B hist ♀ ♀ ♀ ♀ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♂ D ; recomb (5-2) Y ; TM 6B hist♂ D ; recomb (5-2) Y ; TM 6B ♂ D ; recomb (5-2) Y ; TM 6B ♂

26. These are the numbers of each type of recombinant chromosome I found cu sr e ca sr e ca ca e ca sr e 32 5010 63

27. Preliminary results have been analyzed sr e ca R8 R7

28. Future Work Hypothesis Correct Identify gene – Use smaller deficiencies Hypothesis Incorrect Look at other recombinants Find 5-2 mutation causing phenotype Identify gene

29. Conclusion The 5-2 gene identified to be involved in axon target selection in Drosophila may also play a role in axon target selection in humans.

30. Acknowledgments Herman Lab Tory Herman Adam Miller Eric Lyons Jennifer Jeffress Heather Seymour Jon Kniss Scott Holbrook Stefan Buetow *Lola, Bert, Bode, Jobie* SPUR Peter O’ Day Beth Roy SPUR Participants SPUR Funders