1. Chapter 7 Cell Structure http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/7/70/300px-FluorescentCells.jpg

2. Chapter 7 Vocabulary outside membrane. 1.Cell wall-Strong supportive layer found on the outside of the cell membrane. surroundingenters 2.Cell membrane- Thin flexible layer surrounding the cell; controls what enters or leaves the cell. plant sunlight energy. 3.Chloroplasts-Organelle found in plant cells that capture energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. nucleus organelles. 4.Eukaryote-a cell with a nucleus and organelles.

3. Vocab protein 5. Ribosome—Organelle that makes protein powerhouse 6.Mitochondrion-powerhouse of the cell; converts chemical energy into a form more usable by the cell (ATP) lacks bacterial 7. Prokaryote- a cell that lacks a nucleus or organelles (bacterial cells). cell membrane. 8. Phospholipid- molecule that make up cell membrane.

4. specific 9. Organelle- structure inside the cell that carries out a specific function. membranesenter cannot enter 10. Selectively Permeable-property of cell membranes that allows certain things to enter the cell while others cannot enter the cell. biology cells pre-existing 11. Cell theory-Concept of biology that states all living things are made of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

5. Animal Cell http://s3.amazonaws.com/edcanvas-uploads/98916/local/1373137045/preview_html_59615c41.png 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

6. Animal Cell 1. Mitochondria 2. cell membrane 3. Ribosome 4. Centrioles 5. Golgi Body 6. Lysosome 7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 8. Nucleus 9. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) 10. Cytoplasm

7. Plant Cell 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

8. Plant Cell 7. Cell Membrane 8. Cytoplasm 9. Central Vacuole 10. Smooth ER 1. Nucleus 2. Rough ER and Ribosomes 3. Mitochondria 4. Golgi Body 5. Chloroplasts 6. Cell Wall

9. 7-1 Objectives List the three parts of the cell theory. Determine why cells have to be relatively small. Compare the structure of prokaryotic cells to that of eukaryotic cells.

10. Robert Hooke – Looked at non-living cells in cork using a crude microscope in 1665 – Called them cells because they reminded him of a monk’s room Anton van Leeuwenhoek living – First to observe living organisms (in pond water and bacteria from his own mouth) http://askabiologist.asu.edu/research/buildingblocks/images/hookecorkS.jpg http://www.arsmachina.com/images/hooke.jpg Discovery of Cells

11. Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells structure function 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms living 3. All cells arise from other living cells http://peer.tamu.edu/curriculum_modules/Cell_Biology/module_1/levels%20of%20organization.jpg

12. Why are cells small? Why can’t I have a cell the size of a minivan? http://www.eatel.net/~dacinc/minivan.jpg

13. Cells Must Be Small All substances that enter or leave the cell must cross the cell’s surface The cell needs to maintain a high surface area to volume ratio nutrients waste Large cells cannot take in nutrients and get rid of waste fast enough for the cell to survive. http:// library.thinkquest.org/C006669/media/Biol/img/surface_area_to_volume_ratio.gif

14. Common Features of All Cells 1. Cell membrane A. keeps cell conditions different from outside environment enters leaves t B. regulates what enters or leaves the cell 2. Cytoplasm cell membrane nucleus A. inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus B. Jell-O like substance http://www.daylilies.org/ahs_dictionary/cytoplasm.gif

15. Common Features of All Cells 3. Cytoskeleton Support A. Support for organelles 4. Ribosomes proteins A. Help make proteins http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/cytoskeleton.jpg

16. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/images/cells/allcell.jpg

17. Prokaryotic cells do not contain internal compartments Prokaryotes nucleus A. No nucleus and no compartments 3.5 billion B. 3.5 billion years old http://english.pravda.ru/img/2005/11/bacteria.jpg

18. Eukaryotic cells are well organized Eukaryotes DNA A. Have a nucleus which holds DNA. Organelles B. Organelles carry out specific activities

19. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

20. 7-1 Review Questions 1. Why do cells have to be small? 2. Name four structures that are common to all cells. 3. What is the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

21. 7-2 Objectives Describe the role of the nucleus in cell activities. Analyze the importance of cell organelles in protein production. Summarize the importance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Identify three structures in plant cells that are absent in plant cells.

22. How is a cell like a factory?

23. Directs All Cell Activities and Stores DNA surrounds 1. Nuclear envelope – surrounds nucleus 2. Nuclear pores – helps substances move into and out of the nucleus http://spectorlab.cshl.edu/images/NucleusModel.jpg Nucleus – “The Boss”

24. DNA (“Blueprint”) is Stored in the Nucleus chromatin A. When the cell is not dividing – chromatin chromosomes B. When cell is dividing – condenses into chromosomes http://homepage.smc.edu/hgp/images/cell-to-DNA.jpeg

25. The Cell Membrane – “Security” http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/c/cell_membrane/fluid_mosaic.jpg Controls what enters and leaves the cell A.Selectively A.Selectively Permeable = only lets certain things through “check ID” B.Proteins in the membrane “check ID”

26. Production of Proteins – “Manufacturing” 1. Ribosomes remain – Make proteins that remain in the cell 2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) exported – Makes proteins that are exported from the cell or to specialized organelles http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/endoplasmicreticulum/images/endoplasmicreticulumfigure1.jpg

27. 3. Smooth ER ribosomes – no ribosomes – makes lipids and breaks down toxins Vesicles (“Mail Carriers”) transport – membrane bound sacs that transport proteins http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/biology/assets/interact07.jpg “Manufacturing”

28. http://www.unipv.it/webbio/anatcomp/freitas/2006-2007/smooth%20&%20rough.jpg

29. Golgi Apparatus “Customization and Shipping” 1. Proteins made in the Rough ER move to Golgi apparatus modify 2. Enzymes modify the proteins vesicle 3. Then they are enclosed in a new vesicle for transport http://www.mie.utoronto.ca/labs/lcdlab/biopic/fig/4.12.jpg Gets proteins ready for transport

30. Lysosomes – “Maintenance” A. Made by Golgi apparatus enzymes B. Contain enzymes for digestion Recycle C. Recycle a cell’s used parts http://sun.menloschool.org/~cweaver/cells/e/lysosomes/brittanica.jpg http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/images/phagocyt.gif Lysosomes – “Maintenance” Function in digestion and waste removal

31. Mitochondria – “The Powerhouse” A. Inner membrane is highly folded surface area – creates more surface area – many complex chemical reactions occur here Muscle cells B. Muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image337.gif Converts sugar to energy (ATP)

32. Mitochondria – “The Powerhouse” http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/images/mitochondriafigure1.jpg

33. Mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own DNA!

34. Mitochondrial DNA Inherited through mother free- Mitochondria could once have been free- living organisms => Endosymbiosis 1) can explain the origins of eukaryotic cells 2) one small cell came to live inside another http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/WYW/lander/images/inheritance_chart.gif

35. Endosymbiosis http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/endosymbiosis.jpg

36. Plants cells have certain structures that Animal cells lack 1. Cell Wall A. Supports and protects cellulose B. Contains cellulose http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

37. 2. Chloroplasts – “Solar Power!” A. Found in plants and green algae DNA B. Like mitochondria, contain their own DNA http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/images/chloroplastsfigure1.jpg Converts sunlight into carbohydrates

38. 3. Central Vacuole – “Storage” rigid A. When full, makes cell rigid B. Enables plants to stand upright http://www.progressivegardens.com/knowledge_tree/plantcell.jpg Stores water and other substances

39. Review Questions 1.What is the difference between Rough and Smooth ER? 2.What is the function of mitochondria? 3. Which cell organelle is the shipping and packaging center for the cell? 4.What are the functions of lysosomes? 5.Why do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA? 6.Name three structures found in plant cells that are not found in animal cells