1. Production of Energy From the web-site open 2.22 Production of energy notes and upload to eBackpack

2. Cell Metabolism (Physiology) defined as all the chemical reactions or changes within a cell

3. Metabolism Broken into two main types 1.Anabolism Building up of molecules Requires energy 2.Catabolism Breaking down of molecules Releases energy

4. Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? amino acids join together to make dipeptides: e.g. NH 2 CHRCOOH + NH 2 CHRCOOH =12 NH 2 CHRCONHCHRCOOH + H 2 O anabolic

5. Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen: 2H 2 O 2 =12 2H 2 O + O 2 Catabolic

6. Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? The conversion of glucose during respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 =12 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Catabolic

7. Check: Anabolic or Catabolic? glycerol reacts with fatty acids to make lipids: e.g. CH 2 OHCH(OH)CH 2 OH + C 17 H 35 COOH =12 CH 2 OHCH(OH)CH 2 OOCC 17 H 35 Anabolic

8. Metabolism controlled by Enzymes

9. Review: Enzymes Enzymes belong to which group of chemicals? a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. proteins d. nucleic acids

10. Review: Enzymes Enzymes act as biological a. catalysts b. inhibitors c. substrates d. solvents

11. Review: Enzymes Enzymes speed up biological reactions by a. lowering the temperature of the reaction b. increasing the temperature of the reactions c. lowering the activation energy of the reaction d. increasing the activation energy of the reaction

12. Metabolism Requires Chemical energy Made during cellular respiration (ATP)

13. Metabolism follow Pathways A sequence of enzyme controlled reactions

14. Metabolism Instructed by DNA

15. Cellular Respiration Summary- Glycolysis

16. Cellular Respiration Summary- Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle

17. Cellular Respiration Summary- Electron Transport Chain

18. Glycolysis ANAEROBICANAEROBIC Starts with glucose (C6H12O6) Takes place in ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are:2 three carbon pyruvate 2 NADH ( energy molecule ) 2 H 2 O 2 ATP ( energy molecule ) Glycolysis animation

19. Transition Stage Is oxygen available? Yes- Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA No- Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

20. Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle) Starts when pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, then citric acid. Takes place in the ( Cytosol / Mitochondria ) Products are:6 NADH 2 FADH 2 ( energy molecule ) 2 ATP 4 H 2 O AEROBICAEROBIC Kreb’s cycle animation

21. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Uses H+ from NADH and FADH 2 to create a gradient across the membrane Takes place in the ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are:H 2 O 32-34 ATP AEROBICAEROBIC ETC animation

22. Summary C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 ----  Energy (ATP and heat) + CO 2 + H 2 O Save your notes and Upload them to Google Drive- A&P, Cells Folder