1. Presenters: Kathryn Metzgar Kimberly Lawrence November 15, 2008

3. Inability to self advocate, lack of use of career development services, impact their disability and has it affects their career choices. Students with disabilities view employment as a source of income and not exploring career choices. Little or no knowledge of skills required for various careers Not aware of how disability will affect careers. Unrealistic career ambitions or no career ambitions at all (Hitchings, 1998)

4. (Lindstrom, 2004)

5. No relevant career development theory Existing career development strategies effectiveness is unclear. No single theory can address the different types of disabilities. Career services staff frequently refers students to the campus Disability Services office which is ineffective. (Aune, 1997)

6. (Hitchings, 2001)

8. I: Imaging- awareness of work occupations N: iNforming- understanding of self and knowledge of requirements C: Choosing- integrating Imaging/iNforming in order to select an occupation O: Obtaining- Obtains job in individuals area of choice. Conclusion of job search process. M: Maintaining- Performing and sustaining employment. E: Exiting- Contemplation or preparation for leaving employment. (Hershenson, 2005)

9. Imaging: Imaging: Career awareness education, guided exposure, exposure to occupations, narrative approach. iNforming: iNforming: Career/Self Assessments, career genograms, occupational and labor market information, informational interviews, job shadowing, volunteer experience, trial employment. Choosing: Choosing: Application of decision making models, CACGs, Career Development courses/workshops, transferrable skills analysis, counseling/mentoring. Obtaining: Obtaining: Job search skills, employment/ job placement services, job fairs/clubs, career portfolio, trial  permanent employment Maintaining Maintaining: Life role analysis, career coaching, career pathing, performance reviews, continuing education, up-to-date with job changes, follow up Exiting: Exiting: Job change, transition, and grief counseling, stress management training, pre-retirement counseling. (Hershenson, 2005)

10. (Lindstrom, 2002)

11. (Aune, 1997)

15. (Kerka, 2002)

16. (Aune, 1997)

18. Type of DisabilityAny Post Secondary 4- Year2- YearVocational/ Technical Percentage Competitively Employed Mean Hourly Wage Percentage Living Independ- ently All Disabilities 23.47.812.96.369.58.3028.1 Learning Disabilities 25.08.813.16.377.28.3031.8 Mental Retardation 12.01.47.85.336.37.4013.7 Emotional Disturbance 11.82.18.24.364.58.9025.2 Speech/Language Impairment 36.019.6 6.771.08.0031.4 Multiple Disabilities 25.76.712.56.739.88.806.6 Other Health 33.38.823.111.976.28.1020.4 Hearing Impairment 50.721.226.012.956.37.7029.4 Orthopedic Impairment 35.812.622.97.532.07.8025.4 Visual Impairment 63.934.431.75.259.59.6039,9 Autism 35.816.119.05.156.06.9017.1 Deaf-Blindness 24.612.28.58.237.0 ǂ 24.2 Traumatic Brain Injury 17.04.511.15.350.27.8028.0 Current postsecondary education and employment status, wages earned, and living arrangements of special education students out of secondary school up to 4 years Table 377:

19. Lindstrom, L.; Benz, M.; Doren, B. (2004) Expanding Career Options for Young Women with Learning Disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 27: 1, 43-63. Lindstrom, L.; Benz, M. (2002) Phase of Career Development: Case Studies of Young Women with Learning Disabilities. Council for Exceptional Children, 69:1, 67-83. Hitchings, W.; Luzzo, D.; Ristow, R.; Horvath, M.; Retish, P.; Tanners, A. (2001) The Career Development Needs of College Students with Learning Disabilities: In Their Own Words. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 16:1, 8-17. Hopkins-Best, M.; Wilnamaki, M.; Yurcisin, A. (1985) Career Education for College Women with Disabilities. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26:3, 220-223. Hitchings, W.; Luzzo, D,; Ristow, R.; Horvath, M.; Retish, P.(1998) Identifying the Career Development Needs of College Students with Disabilities. Journal of College Student Development, 39:1, 23-32. Hershenson, D. (2005) INCOME: A culturally inclusive and disability sensitive framework for organizing career development concepts and interventions. Career Development Quarterly, 54:2, 150-161.

20. Aune, B and Kroeger, S. (1997) Career Development of College Students with Disabilities: An Interactional Approach to Defining the Issues. Journal of College Student Development, 38: 4, 344-356. Kerka, Sandra. (2002) Learning Disabilities and Career Development. Practice Application Brief No. 20. ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Nedbtac. (2008, April 06). Valeska’s Learning Disability [Video File]. Video posted to http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oi0HlhtuoW8