24. Our Energy Challenge R. E. Smalley Rice University Columbia University NYC September 23, 2003

25. The ENERGY REVOLUTION (The Terawatt Challenge) 14 Terawatts 210 M BOE/day 30 -- 60 Terawatts 450 – 900 MBOE/day The Basis of Prosperity 20 st Century = OIL 21 st Century = ??

26. World Energy Millions of Barrels per Day (Oil Equivalent) 300 200 100 0 1860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 Source: John F. Bookout (President of Shell USA),“Two Centuries of Fossil Fuel Energy” International Geological Congress, Washington DC; July 10,1985. Episodes, vol 12, 257-262 (1989).

27. From “Basic Research Need for a Hydrogen Economy”, Report of DOE BES Workshop on Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use May 13-15, 2003 (available on the DOE BES web site)

28. 165,000 TW of sunlight hit the earth every day

29. Solar Cell Land Area Requirements 6 Boxes at 3.3 TW Each = 20 TWe

31. “Beyond the Molecular Frontier Challenges for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering” National Research Council Report of Committee Chaired by Ronald Breslow and Matthew V. Tirrell

32. Challenges in Synthesis Highly selective, energy efficient, and environmentally benign new synthetic methods Alternatives to Fossil Fuels Driven by finite supply of fossil fuels and global warming Unlimited energy sources will enable a sustainable future

33. Interface with Biology Understanding the processes of life in molecular terms Interface with Medicine Therapies for Memory and Cognition, Obesity, Aging Viral diseases: AIDS, Ebola

34. Green Chemistry Greener by Design: Reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances Better understanding of the atmosphere and the biosphere so that we can maintain a livable environment

35. National Security and Homeland Defense Root cause of terrorism is gap between developing and developed countries Energy independence Chemical and biological sensors

36. Five Major Societal Problems That Will Require Advances in Basic Chemistry Five Advances in Basic Chemistry That Will Enable New Opportunities Five Modern Achievements of Basic Chemistry with Major Impacts

37. Five Major Societal Problems That Will Require Advances in Basic Chemistry Conquer Disease – Anti-viral drugs, malaria, tuberculosis Solve our Energy Problems –Sustainable Energy Sources: Solar, nuclear energy –Fuel Cells for Transportation (H 2, CH 4 and CH 3 OH) Clean the Environment –Materials from Renewable or Recycled Resources –Environmentally Benign Pesticides and Fertilizers Deter Terrorism –Sensors to Detect Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents Your Problem here