1. E. INTERACTIONS WITHIN COMMUNITIES 1. Interspecific competition a. 2 or more species struggling for the same resource b. both species will lose c. eg.

2. 2. Predation a. one species kills and eats another b. the predator gains but the prey loses c. but if the predator eats too many prey, then the prey runs out & predator also loses

3. numbernumber time PREY PREDATOR d. note: there is always more of the prey the two cycles are out of synch as there is a delay in the effect as predator #’s increase, prey #’s fall; as prey #’s fall, predator #’s fall

4. 3. Defense mechanisms a. camouflage – don’t get seen by predator OR prey eg. rabbit OR bobcat

5. b. toxins – produce or accumulated eg. Monarch butterfly eg. sea slug

6. c. mimicry- pretend to be toxic eg. Viceroy butterfly Not toxic, but appears to be eg. Monarch butterfly Wings are toxic.

7. d. distractors – trick the predator in some way large eyespots distract the predator

8. 4. Symbiosis a. mutualism- both gain eg. oxpecker & giraffe Oxpecker gets to eat insects and giraffe gets rid of parasites

10. b. commensalism- one gains, one unaffected eg. algae on back of turtle Algae gets a sunny perch and turtle which is already green, gets no benefit, nor any harm.

11. c. parasitism- one gains, one loses eg. mosquito and you The mosquito gets blood for its eggs and you lose blood and may get a disease.

12. what type of defense is this? rattlesnake hoverfly

13. The rattlesnake has to warn off animals so it does not have to use its TOXIN.

14. The bee has warning colours as its sting is ‘toxic’. But the hoverfly has no sting and so it is a MIMIC.

15. Questions D from pg 8.