1. Hydrology, Topography, and Soils of Lower Suwannee River Floodplain Forests and Ecological Consequences of Potential Flow Reductions Helen Light U.S. Geological Survey

2. Gulf of Mexico A t l a n t i c O c e a n S u w a n n e e F e R i v e r S a t n a W i t h l a c o o c h e e R i v e r A l a p h a a R i v e r R i v e r Study Area N

3. Gulf of Mexico A t l a n t i c O c e a n S u w a n n e e F e R i v e r S a t n a W i t h l a c o o c h e e R i v e r A l a p h a a R i v e r R i v e r Study Area NN Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal

4. Goals N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal RIVER HYDROLOGY FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY FOREST COMPOSITION FLOW-DEPENDENT FACTORS IMPACTS OF FLOW REDUCTIONS FOREST DISTRIBUTION TOPOGRAPHYSOILS

5. Hydrology N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal Topography Soils

6. Topography N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal Range 11 feet Levees & ridges prominent Range 3 feet Levees minor or absent Hummocks common Tidal creeks common

7. Soils N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal Mineral soils Saturated muck Saline

8. Floodplain Inundation N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal

9. N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal Flow dependent at all flows Flow dependent at high flows Little or no relation to flow

10. Goals N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal RIVER HYDROLOGY FLOODPLAIN HYDROLOGY FOREST COMPOSITION FLOW-DEPENDENT FACTORS IMPACTS OF FLOW REDUCTIONS FOREST DISTRIBUTION TOPOGRAPHYSOILS

11. Flow Dependent Factors N Riverine LowerTidal UpperTidal Flood depths Inundation Saturation Flood depths Inundation Salinity

12. Flood depths affects composition by limiting seedling survival

13. Floodplain Cross Section High water

14. Aquatic habitat in floodplain is flow dependent

15. Inundated Area in Relation to Flow (Riverine)

16. Loss of Forests at Tree Line OPEN WATER MARSHES SWAMP HAMMOCK AQUATIC BEDS SWAMPS REPLACED BY MARSH

17. Ecological Consequences of Flow Reductions Forest composition changes:  Exotic species  Opportunistic species  Human disturbance  Lower quality of BLH  Fewer wet swamps  Forest mortality at tree line

18. Ecological Consequences of Flow Reductions Decreased inundation and saturation:  Aquatic habitat for fishes & invertebrates  Nutrient and detritus transport  Nitrate removal  Water retention during droughts  Vulnerability to fire