1. Sphingolipids C-C-C Pseudo glycerol N CH 3 CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HO OH OPO 3 -CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 3 Oligosaccharides Glycolipids Long Chain fatty acids Sphingomyelin

2. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 C=C-CH-C-CH 2 OH NH H OH C=O R H H Ceramide (N-Acylsphingosine) Ceramide (N-Acylsphingosine) Only trans double bond in any lipid Only trans double bond in any lipid All modifications occur here All modifications occur here SPHINGOLIPIDS

3. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 C=C-CH-C-CH 2 OH NH H OH C=O R H H R CH 3 -(CH 2 ) 12 -C=C-CH-C-CH 2 -OPO-CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 3 ) 3 H H NH C=O O O OH H + Sphingomyelin Ceramide

4. CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 C=C-CH-C-CH 2 NH H OH C=O R H H Cerebroside UDP-Glucose UDP CH 3 (CH 2 ) 12 C=C-CH-C-CH 2 OH NH H OH C=O R H H H 2 O C HO O O-  -glycoside bond

5. SPHINGOLIPIDS SphingomyelinGanglioside G M1 Head piece Hydrophobic Tails

6. Blood Group Antigens, A,B,O Blood Group Antigens, A,B,O O = Universal donor O Antigen A Antigen B Antigen AB = Universal acceptor -Lacto- Gal GalNAc -Lacto- Glycosphingolipids (no Sialic acid) Glycosphingolipids (no Sialic acid)

7. Head Piece of Ganglioside Head Piece of Ganglioside 1 2 3 3 4 Core Oligosaccharide Core Oligosaccharide Gangliosides (with Sialic acid)

8. Sphingolipid Turnover Tay-Sachs Disease Sphinolipids must turnover to prevent accumulation in neuronal cells Hexosamindase A is missing

9. ANATOMY OF CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol made up from 5 member isoprene building compounds

10. Vitamin D 3 7-Dehydrocholesterol HO H3CH3C H3CH3C R H2CH2C H3CH3C R H3CH3C H3CH3C R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

11. TERPENES C-C-C-C C C C C H 2 C=CHC=CH 2 CH 3 Isoprene 2 methyl, 1,3 butadiene Isoprene 2 methyl, 1,3 butadiene 2 isoprene units make up a terpene

12. C C CC CC C C C C Limonene (lemon) C C C C CC C C C C C C C CC C C C C C H 2 OH All-trans retinol Vitamin A See Strategies p141-142 See Strategies p141-142

13. Linolenic Acid has two isomers (C18 cis delta 3) CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 -C=C-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO - H H HHH H CH 3 CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO - H HHHHH  -Linolenic  6,9,12  -Linolenic  9,12,15 Omega 6 Omega 3 Essential omega carbon

14. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 C=C-CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 COO - HHH H H H HH Arachidonic Acid (C2 ester of phospholipids) Eicosanoids (C20 Fatty acids) COOH C20: cis  5,8,11,14 PGH 2 prostacyclins prostaglandins thromboxanes OH COOH O O prostaglandin H 2 Aspirin, ibuprofen acetaminophen inhibits PGH 2 Synthase (vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation) (vasodilation) Leukotrienes (inflammations)