1. Microbiology Introduction and History

2. Microbiology – Introduction and History Beer Cheese Staphylococcal folliculitis Conjunctivitis Chicken pox

3. What is Microbiology?

4. Categories of Microorganisms Bacteria Archaeans Some algae Protozoa Some fungi Viruses (not technically a living thing)

5. 3 Domains of Life

6. Why do we study microorganisms?

7. 1. Live on and in our body. 2. Can make us sick. 3. Would not be here without microbes. 4. Get rid of our wastes. 5. May clean up our messes (i.e. oil spills, ect.). 6. Make many essential elements available to living things. 7. Food source. 8. Aid in digestion. 9. Some used to make medicine (i.e. antibiotics). 10. Important for genetic engineering.

8. Glowing Pigs and Jellyfish?

9. Some Terms to Know Pathogen vs. Nonpathogen Indigenous or Normal Flora Opportunistic Pathogens Infectious Disease Microbial Intoxication

10. What was the first living organism on earth? Cyanobacteria OR Archaea

11. Microbial infections have been around for a long time! 3,000 B.C. - Ruma, a Syrian boy, - depiction of polio www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.html www.univie.ac.at/cga/art/history.html Egyptian Mummy www.sciam.com/article.cfm?i d=mummy-dna-reveal.. www.sciam.com/article.cfm?i d=mummy-dna-reveal..

12. Some important historical figures:

13. Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 The “Father of Microbiology” First to see live bacteria and protozoa. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history /leeuwenhoek.html Microscope consisted of only one lens and was only 3-4 inches long. It required good lighting and a lot of patience. www.microscopy- uk.org.uk/intro/histo.html

15. The Theory of Spontaneous Generation - Abiogensis Francesco Redi’s Experiment – 17 th century facstaff.gpc.edu

16. Cell Theory (1838) Schleiden (left) and Schwann (right) Proposed independently that all living things are made of cells kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca

17. Biogenesis Proposed by Rudolf Virchow – 1858 Life only arises from preexisting life. kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca

18. Louis Pasteur 1822-1895 Discovered what occurs during alcoholic fermentation Helped disprove spontaneous generation Termed “aerobes” and “anaerobes” Discovered Pasteurization Discovered many vaccines Contributed to germ theory of disease

19. Germ Theory of Disease Theory that specific microorganisms cause specific infectious diseases. For example, the bacteria Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax.

20. Robert Koch 1843-1910 Contributed to germ theory of disease. – Discovered Bacillus anthracis produces anthrax. Developed methods for fixing, staining, and photographing bacteria. Developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media. Was able to obtain pure cultures. Discovered bacteria that cause tuberculosis and cholera.

21. Robert Koch

22. Koch’s Postulates 1. A microorganism must be present in every case of the disease. 2. Isolate microorganism from diseased host and grow in pure culture. 3. Same disease produced when microorganisms from pure culture are inoculated into healthy, susceptible hosts. 4. Same microorganism must be recovered from experimentally infected hosts and grown again in pure culture.

23. The End