1. Communication Disorders SPED 3100 Holli McCullough, Kayla Walden, & Emily Sacks

2. Definitions Communication- the process of sharing information and involving many communication functions, such as seeking social interactions,requesting objects, sharing ideas, and rejecting on object or interaction. Communication disorder- impairs the ability to transmit or receive ideas, facts, feelings, and desire and many involve language or speech or both, including hearing, listening, reading, or writing.

3. Definitions Language- the commutation of ideas- sending and receiving them through an arbitrary system of symbols used according to the certain rules that determine meaning - expressive language : encoding or sending - receptive language: decoding or understand Speech- the neuromuscular activity of forming and sequencing sounds of oral language

4. Definitions Speech disorders- impairments in the production and use of oral language. Language disorders- problems in comprehension and expression.

5. STATs 1/5 out of all children who are identified special education –receive services for primarily language or speech disorders 8% to 9% of preschool children and about 5% of students in elementary and secondary grades have speech disorders (Ehren & Nelson, 2005) 2% to 3% of preschool children and 1% of school- aged population have language disorders (Ehren & Nelson, 2005)

6. Language Disorders

7. “A child may not have a language disorder yet have a communication difference that demands special teaching. Such differences might be related to culture and/or disability.”

8. Language Disorders 1. Language learning depends on brain development and proper brain functioning 2. Language learning is affected by the consequences of language behavior 3. Language can be analyzed as input and outputs related to the way information is processed

9. 4. Language is acquiring by a biological process that dictates rules governing the form, content, and use of language 5. language is one of many cognitive skills 6. Language arises from the need to communicate in social interactions

10. “ No one knows exactly how or why children learn language, but we do know language development is related in a general way to physical maturation, cognitive development, and socialization.”

11. Classification of Language Disorders Two primary dimensions: 1. domain 2. etiology Types of Language 1. phonological 2. morphological 3. syntactical 4. semantic 5. pragmatic

12. Primary Language Disorders Specific language impairment (SLI) Early expressive language delays (EELD) Language based reading impairment

13. Secondary Language Disorder Caused by any other conditions, such as intellectual disabilities, hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, or traumatic brain injuries.

14. Speech Disorders

15. “ Most speech disorders will be treated primarily by a speech-language pathologist, not classroom teachers.”

16. Speech Disorders Phonological Disorders Articulation Disorders Voice Disorders Fluency Disorders Motor-Speech Disorders

17. Phonological Disorders A disorder that occurs in children who are younger than 9 years old. The disorder results in the impaired ability to produce sounds in his/her own language.

18. Articulation Disorders Errors in producing sounds –Omits sounds –Substitutes –Distorts –Add speech sounds

19. Voice Disorders they are difficult to define precisely –Characteristics Pitch Loudness Quality (how they use their larynx)

20. Fluency Disorders

21. Motor-Speech Disorders The muscles that make speech possible are under voluntary control. When damage occurs to the areas of the brain that controls these muscles or to the nerves leading to the muscles, the ability to speak normally is disturbed.

22. What does this mean to be a teacher of a students with commutation disorder?

23. Educational Considerations Facilitating the social use of language Question- Asking Strategies Teaching Literacy: Reading and written expression

24. “The classroom offers many possibilities for language learning and should provide most continuous opportunities for students and teachers to employ language and obtain feedback in constructive relationships.”

25. Assessments of Progress Dynamic assessment - speech-language pathologist Curriculum- based language and communication assessment

26. Early Intervention Early Intervention in Delayed Language Development - paralinguistic communication - milieu teaching Involvement of Families

27. 1.Provide information about delays and disorders of speech, language, or communication 2.Collect information about speech, language, and communication strengths and interventions needs in order to maximize participation in the classroom and other school settings What does this mean to be a teacher of a student with a commutation disorder?

28. 3. Interpret assessment information to others to help to develop intervention goals and objectives, plan activities and select appropriate methods and materials 4. Provide direct instruction for specific speech. Language, and communication skills to individuals and small groups 5. Work collaboratively with others to promote students participation in age- appropriate activities and natural environment

29. Quiz

30. Ehren & Nelson, 2005; National Institution of Deafness and Communication Disorders Hallahan, Kauffman & Pullen, 2012; Exceptional Learners: An Introduction to Special Education Resources