1. Forming plural nouns: 1.For most singular nouns, add s. SingularPlural teacherteachers streetstreets pencilpencils bookbooks elephantelephants

2. Forming plural nouns: 2. For nouns ending with s, x, z, sh, or ch, add es. SingularPlural gasgases waxwaxes waltzwaltzes dishdishes churchchurches

3. Forming plural nouns: 3. For nouns ending with a consonant and y, change the y to i and add es. For nouns ending with a vowel and y, add s. SingularPlural skyskyskies armyarmies pennypennies boyboyboys alleyalleys

4. Forming plural nouns: 4.For some nouns ending with f or fe, add s. For others, change the f to v and add s or es. (You will need to memorize the spellings for such words or look them up in a dictionary to check. SingularPlural beliefbeliefs roofroofs loafloaves lifelives knifeknives