1. RISE OF NATIONALISM Loyalty to a nation rather than towns/cities was a new trend Working together, natural boundaries, language, religion, and race promote nationalism

2. ITALIAN NATIONALISM Garibaldi devoted his existence to the unification of Italy Garibaldi’s Red Shirts rebel and unified Italy in 1870 Red shirts in the battle of Calatafimi

3. GERMAN UNIFICATION King Wilhelm I of Prussia unites Germany through the recommendation of his chancellor Otto von Bismarck Rule with “Iron and Blood!”

4. NATIONAL FEELING GROWS IN JAPAN Samurais travel across Japan searching for foreign invaders Commander Perry forces Japan into trade agreement through threat of possible force The Meiji Restoration overthrows the shogun