6. Definition of Prevention

8. Source: United Nations (U.N.) Population Division, Demographic Indicators, 1950- 2050 (The 1996 Revision) (U.N., New York, 1996).

10. Historical Examples of Global Prevention Activities

11. Vaccination available Streptomycin introduced Koch identified tubercle bacillus Death rate for Tuberculosis, 1860-1960, United States, Source: US Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States; Colonial Times to 1970 (Washington, D.C: Government Printing Office, 1975), Part 1 pp58,63. Note: Data between 1860 and 1900 for Massachusetts only.

13. Source: Thomas McKeown, The Modern Rise of Population (Academic Press, San Francisco, 1976), pp. 93, 96.

18. Introduction

19. Community US$4.18 cost per illness-cases incur 83% of cost (=10 days income; 1/3 rd for drugs, >1/3 rd due to lost income). Govt pays 17% of cost per illness and creates treatment system and case-management standards

20. Source: US Bureau of the Census 250 200 150 100 50 0 per 1000 live births with AIDS BotswanaKenyaMalawiTanzaniaZambiaZimbabwe without AIDS

26. Teacher in Alexandria Teacher in Tanzania Teacher in Cairo Teacher in Paris Teacher in Pittsburgh Teacher in Moscow